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Butterworths, London.","journal-title":"Surgery; In Modern Trends with a single and isolated congenital cardiac in Cardiac"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"defect to die during operative treatment Adams","author":"H., F.","year":"1951","unstructured":"defect to die during operative treatment Adams, F. H., and Forsyth, W. B. (1951). The effect of (Aberdeen, 1968; Tawes et al., 1969).","journal-title":"et al; The effect of"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"did not occur in this series. Should it develop in children with a patent ductus arteriosus, duct closure should be performed","year":"1941","unstructured":"did not occur in this series. Should it develop in children with a patent ductus arteriosus, duct closure should be performed (Keele and Tubbs, 1941)."},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"The best operative technique for closure of a patent ductus arteriosus has been much debated","author":"Both","year":"1953","unstructured":"The best operative technique for closure of a patent ductus arteriosus has been much debated (Ekstrom, 1952; Gross, 1953; Jones, 1965). Both"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"143","article-title":"Causative factors underlying congenital heart malformations","volume":"14","author":"Anderson, R.C.","year":"1954","unstructured":"Anderson, R. C. (1954). Causative factors underlying congenital heart malformations. I. Patent ductus arteriosus. Pediatrics, 14, 143.","journal-title":"I. Patent ductus arteriosus. Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"113","article-title":"Operative closure of the patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"82","author":"Blalock, A.","year":"1946","unstructured":"Blalock, A. (1946). Operative closure of the patent ductus arteriosus. Surg. Gynec. Obstet., 82, 113.","journal-title":"Surg. Gynec. Obstet"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"272","article-title":"Continuous murmurs without patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"1","author":"Bonham Carter, R.E.; Walker, C.H.M.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Bonham Carter, R. E., and Walker, C. H. M. (1955). Continuous murmurs without patent ductus arteriosus. Lancet, 1, 272.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1177\/003591575204501017","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"45","author":"Browne, D.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Browne, D. (1952). Patent ductus arteriosus. Proc. roy. Soc. Med., 45, 719.","journal-title":"Proc. roy. Soc. Med"},{"key":"ref_9","series-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus. 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Jr., and Cooley, early cases had an unsatisfactory duct ligation. However, ligation techniques continued to be used by others (Blalock, 1946; Clagett, Kirklin, Ellis, and Cooley, 1955), and our data confirm that ligation of a ductus can be a satisfactory technique. The importance of using a wide ligature, J. C. (1955). Surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus. Surg. Clin. N. Amer., 35, 965."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"322","article-title":"Complete division for the patent ductus arteriosus.)","volume":"16","author":"Crafoord, C.","year":"1947","unstructured":"Crafoord, C. (1947). (Discussion on Gross, R. E. Complete division for the patent ductus arteriosus.) J. thorac. Surg., 16, 322. Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary (1965). 24th ed., p. 451.","edition":"24th ed","journal-title":"J. thorac. 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Surg"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(38)90564-2","article-title":"An attempt to obliterate the patent ductus arteriosus in a patient with subacute bacterial endarteritis","volume":"15","author":"Graybiel, A.; Strieder, J.W.; Boyer, N.H.","year":"1938","unstructured":"Graybiel, A., Strieder, J. W., and Boyer, N. H. (1938). An attempt to obliterate the patent ductus arteriosus in a patient with subacute bacterial endarteritis. Amer. Heart J., 15, 621.","journal-title":"Amer. Heart J"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0096-5588(20)31867-5","article-title":"Complete division for the patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"16","author":"Gross, R.E.","year":"1947","unstructured":"Gross, R. E. (1947). Complete division for the patent ductus arteriosus. J. thorac. Surg., 16, 314.","journal-title":"J. thorac. 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