{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T02:52:04Z","timestamp":1774666324755,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thorax"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/thx.34.5.587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,13]],"date-time":"2008-12-13T03:15:45Z","timestamp":1229138145000},"page":"587-593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Rapidly fatal pulmonary fibrosis: the accelerated variant of interstitial pneumonitis."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"D S","family":"Pratt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M I","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J J","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R B","family":"Dreisin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Diffuse progressive interstitial fibrosis of the lungs","volume":"0","author":"Beams, A.J.; Harmos","year":"1949","unstructured":"Beams, A J, and Harmos, 0 (1949). Diffuse progressive interstitial fibrosis of the lungs. American Journal of Medicine, 7,425-430.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"435445","article-title":"Biological potential of pulmonary macrophages","volume":"118","author":"Brain, J.B.; Golde, D.W.; Green, G.M.; Massaro, D.J.; Valberg, P.A.; Ward, P.A.; Werb, Z.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Brain, J B, Golde, D W, Green, G M, Massaro, D J, Valberg, P A, Ward, P A, and Werb, Z (1978). Biological potential of pulmonary macrophages. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 118, 435445.","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1952.00240100045005","article-title":"Acute diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs (AMA)","volume":"90","author":"Callahan, W.P.; sen, Sutherland; G, S.; Fulton, J.K.; Kline, J.R.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Callahan, W P, sen, Sutherland, S G, Fulton, J K, and Kline, J R (1952). Acute diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs (AMA). Archives of Internal Medicine, 90, 468-482.","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"643","article-title":"Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosis","volume":"21","author":"Cohen, A.S.; Reynolds, W.E.; Franklin, E.C.; Kulka, J.P.; Ropes, M.W.; Shulman, L.E.; Wallace, S.C.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Cohen, A S, Reynolds, W E, Franklin, E C, Kulka, J P, Ropes, M W, Shulman, L E, and Wallace, S C (1971). Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosis. Bulletin on the Rheumatic Diseases, 21, 643-648.","journal-title":"Bulletin on the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-85-6-769","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Clinical histologic, radiographic, physiologic, scintigraphic, cytologic and biochemical aspects","volume":"85","author":"Crystal, R.G.; Fulmer, J.K.; Roberts, W.C.; Moss, M.L.; Line, B.R.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Crystal, R G, Fulmer, J K, Roberts, W C, Moss, M L, and Line, B R (1976). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Clinical histologic, radiographic, physiologic, scintigraphic, cytologic and biochemical aspects. Annals of Internal Medicine, 85, 769-788.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1972.00320030061006","article-title":"Immunofluorescent and immunologic studies of rheumatoid lung","volume":"129","author":"DeHoratius, R.J.; Abruzzo, J.L.; Williams, R.C.","year":"1972","unstructured":"DeHoratius, R J, Abruzzo, J L, and Williams, R C (1972). Immunofluorescent and immunologic studies of rheumatoid lung. Archives of Internal Medicine, 129, 441-446.","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197802162980701","article-title":"Circulating immune complexes in the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias","volume":"298","author":"Dreisin, R.B.; Schwarz, M.I.; Theophilopoulos, A.N.; Stanford, R.E.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Dreisin, R B, Schwarz, M I, Theophilopoulos, A N, and Stanford, R E (1978). Circulating immune complexes in the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. New England Journal of Medicine, 298, 353-357.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"163","article-title":"Report of a case of acute interstitial fibrosis of the lungs","volume":"76","author":"Eder, H.; Hawn, C.V.; Thorn, G.","year":"1945","unstructured":"Eder, H, Hawn, C V, and Thorn, G (1945). Report of a case of acute interstitial fibrosis of the lungs. Bulletin Johns Hopkins Hospital, 76, 163-171.","journal-title":"Bulletin Johns Hopkins Hospital"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-79-1-37","article-title":"Diffuse interstitial lung disease in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"79","year":"1973","unstructured":"Eisenberg, H, Dubois, E L, Sherwin, R P, and Balchum, 0 J (1973). Diffuse interstitial lung disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Annals of Internal Medicine, 79, 37-45.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/105.2.130","article-title":"Diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs","volume":"105","author":"Golden, A.; T'ullis, I.F.","year":"1949","unstructured":"Golden, A, and T'ullis, I F, jun (1949). Diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs. Military Surgeon, 105, 130-137.","journal-title":"Military Surgeon"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"196","article-title":"Clinical pathologic conference","volume":"1","author":"Hamman, L.; Rich, A.R.","year":"1933","unstructured":"Hamman, L, and Rich, A R (1933). Clinical pathologic conference. International Clinics Forty-third Series 1, 196.","journal-title":"International Clinics Forty-third Series"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"177","article-title":"Acute diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs","volume":"74","author":"Hamman, L.; Rich, A.R.","year":"1944","unstructured":"Hamman, L, and Rich, A R (1944). Acute diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs. Bulletin Johns Hopkins Hospital, 74, 177-212.","journal-title":"Bulletin Johns Hopkins Hospital"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.20.4.366","article-title":"Diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs: report of a case with unusual features","volume":"20","author":"Katz, H.L.; Auerbach, G.","year":"1951","unstructured":"Katz, H L, and Auerbach, G (1951). Diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs: report of a case with unusual features. Diseases of the Chest, 20, 366-377.","journal-title":"Diseases of the Chest"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"71","article-title":"Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"33","author":"Livingstone, J.L.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Livingstone, J L, Lewis, J G, Reid, L, and Jefferson, K E (1964). Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 33, 71-103.","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197509000-00003","article-title":"Pulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of 12 cases of acute lupus pneumonitis","volume":"54","author":"Matthay, R.A.; Schwarz, M.I.; Petty, T.L.; Standford, R.E.; Gupta, R.C.; Sahn, S.A.; Steigerwold, J.C.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Matthay, R A, Schwarz, M I, Petty, T L, Standford, R E, Gupta, R C, Sahn, S A, and Steigerwold, J C (1975). Pulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of 12 cases of acute lupus pneumonitis. Medicine, 54, 397-409.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-2-199","article-title":"The occurrence of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in interstitial pneumonia","volume":"90","author":"May, J.J.; Schwarz, M.I.; Dreisin, R.B.","year":"1979","unstructured":"May, J J, Schwarz, M I, and Dreisin, R B (1979). The occurrence of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in interstitial pneumonia. Annals of Internal Medicine, 90, 199-200.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1135","article-title":"Positive antinuclear factor in patients with unexplained pulmonary fibrosis. A nnals of Internal","volume":"0","author":"Nagaya, H.; Buckley, C.E.; Sieker, H.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Nagaya, H, Buckley, C E, and Sieker, H 0 (1969). Positive antinuclear factor in patients with unexplained pulmonary fibrosis. A nnals of Internal Medicine, 70, 1135-1145.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/68.5.553","article-title":"Acute pulmonary complications in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"68","author":"Pertschuk, L.P.; Moccia, L.F.; Rosen, Y.; Lyons, H.; Marino, C.M.; Rashford, A.A.; Wollschlager, C.M.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Pertschuk, L P, Moccia, L F, Rosen, Y, Lyons, H, Marino, C M, Rashford, A A, and Wollschlager, C M (1977). Acute pulmonary complications in systemic lupus erythematosus. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 68, 553-557.","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.49.1.75","article-title":"The five manifestations of rheumatoid lung","volume":"49","author":"Petty, T.L.; Wilkins, M.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Petty, T L, and Wilkins, M (1966). The five manifestations of rheumatoid lung. Diseases of the Chest, 49, 75-82.","journal-title":"Diseases of the Chest"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1948.00220260003001","article-title":"Acute diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs","volume":"82","author":"Potter, B.P.; Gerber, I.E.","year":"1948","unstructured":"Potter, B P, and Gerber, I E (1948). Acute diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs. Archives of Internal Medicine, 82, 113-124.","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_21","article-title":"The use of fluorescent labelling to follow the fate of exogenously induced antigen in situ","author":"Pratt, D.S.; Katilus, J.; Dreisin, R.B.; Robinson, H.M.; Schwarz, M.I.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Pratt, D S, Katilus, J, Dreisin, R B, Robinson, H M, and Schwarz, M I (1979). The use of fluorescent labelling to follow the fate of exogenously induced antigen in situ. Journal of Immunological Methods. In press.","journal-title":"Journal of Immunological"},{"key":"ref_22","article-title":"Alveolar macrophages: phagocytosis induced release of neutrophil chemotactic activity","volume-title":"16th Hanford Biology Symposium, edited by C L Sanders, p78. Technical Information Center, Energy Research &Development Administration, Oakridge, Tennessee","author":"Roos, H.A.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Roos, H A, Keller, M W, Hess, H, and Coltier, H (1977). Alveolar macrophages: phagocytosis induced release of neutrophil chemotactic activity. In 16th Hanford Biology Symposium, edited by C L Sanders, p78. Technical Information Center, Energy Research &Development Administration, Oakridge, Tennessee."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-195712000-00001","article-title":"The HammanRich syndrome: review of the literature and analysis of 15 cases","volume":"36","author":"Rubin, E.H.; Lubliner, R.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Rubin, E H, and Lubliner, R (1957). The HammanRich syndrome: review of the literature and analysis of 15 cases. Medicine, 36, 397-463.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.32.2.134","article-title":"Fibrosing alveolitis with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: two case reports","volume":"23","author":"Scadding, J.G.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Scadding, J G (1977). Fibrosing alveolitis with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: two case reports. Thorax, 23, 134-139.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"929","article-title":"Immunofluorescent patterns in the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias","volume":"91","author":"Schwartz, M.I.; Dreisin, R.B.; Pratt, D.S.; Stanford, R.E.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Schwartz, M I, Dreisin, R B, Pratt, D S, and Stanford, R E (1978). Immunofluorescent patterns in the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 91, 929-938.","journal-title":"Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197601000-00005","article-title":"Interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: an analysis of six cases and a review of the literature","volume":"55","author":"Schwartz, M.I.; Matthay, R.A.; Sahn, S.A.; Stanford, R.E.; Marmorstein, B.L.; Scheinhorn, D.J.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Schwartz, M I, Matthay, R A, Sahn, S A, Stanford, R E, Marmorstein, B L, and Scheinhorn, D J (1976). Interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: an analysis of six cases and a review of the literature. Medicine, 55, 89-104.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.27.5.535","article-title":"The prognosis of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis","volume":"27","author":"Stack, B.H.R.; Choo-Kang, Y.F.S.; Heard, B.E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Stack, B H R, Choo-Kang, Y F S, and Heard, B E (1972). The prognosis of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Thorax, 27, 535-542.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-0971(65)80050-X","article-title":"Rheumatoid interstitial lung disease","volume":"59","author":"Stack, B.H.R.; Grant, I.W.B.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Stack, B H R, and Grant, I W B (1965). Rheumatoid interstitial lung disease. British Journal of Diseases of the Chest, 59, 202-211.","journal-title":"British Journal of Diseases of the Chest"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(62)90022-0","article-title":"Possible relationship of rheumatoid factors and pulmonary disease","volume":"33","author":"Tomasi, T.B.; jun, Fudenberg; H, H.; Finby, N.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Tomasi, T B, jun, Fudenberg, H H, and Finby, N (1962). Possible relationship of rheumatoid factors and pulmonary disease. American Journal of Medicine, 33, 243-248.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"133","article-title":"Fibrosing alveolitis and chronic liver disease","volume":"37","author":"Turner-Warwick, M.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Turner-Warwick, M (1968). Fibrosing alveolitis and chronic liver disease. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 37, 133-149.","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"173","article-title":"Interstitial lung disease and digital vasculitis","volume":"115","author":"Turner-Warwick, M.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Turner-Warwick, M (1977). Interstitial lung disease and digital vasculitis. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 115 (abstract), 173.","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1177\/00359157740676P205","article-title":"Immunological aspects of systemic diseases of the lungs","volume":"67","author":"Turner-Warwick, M.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Turner-Warwick, M (1974). Immunological aspects of systemic diseases of the lungs. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 67, 541-547.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5439.886","article-title":"Autoantibody studies in interstitial pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"1","author":"Turner-Warwick, M.; Doniach, D.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Turner-Warwick, M, and Doniach, D (1965). Autoantibody studies in interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. British Medical Journal, 1, 886-891.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.54.6.490","article-title":"Pulmonary scleroderma","volume":"54","author":"Weaver, A.L.; Divertie, M.B.; Titus, J.L.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Weaver, A L, Divertie, M B, and Titus, J L (1968). Pulmonary scleroderma. Diseases of the Chest, 54, 490-498.","journal-title":"Diseases of the Chest"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1947.02890040011003","article-title":"Diabetes in a New England town: a study of 3516 persons in Oxford, Mass","volume":"135","author":"Wilkerson, H.L.C.; Krall, L.P.","year":"1947","unstructured":"Wilkerson, H L C, and Krall, L P (1947). Diabetes in a New England town: a study of 3516 persons in Oxford, Mass. Journal of the American Medical Association, 135, 209-216.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"ref_36","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis as a systemic disease","volume-title":"Major Problems in Internal Medicine","volume":"4","author":"Williams, R.C.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Williams, R C (1974). Rheumatoid arthritis as a systemic disease. In Major Problems in Internal Medicine, vol 4. Saunders, Philadelphia."}],"container-title":["Thorax"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/thx.34.5.587","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T09:32:22Z","timestamp":1601112742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thorax.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/thx.34.5.587"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,10,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.34.5.587","relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-6376"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-6376","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,10,1]]}}}