{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T22:26:40Z","timestamp":1785364000714,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thorax"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/thx.41.11.880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,13]],"date-time":"2008-12-13T03:22:59Z","timestamp":1229138579000},"page":"880-885","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Chylothorax: a review of 18 cases."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"A J","family":"Fairfax","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W R","family":"McNabb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S G","family":"Spiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(21)00347-6","article-title":"Chylothorax and pseudochylothorax","volume":"6","author":"Sassoon, C.S.; Light, R.W.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Sassoon CS, Light RW. Chylothorax and pseudochylothorax. Clin Chest Med 1985;6:163-71.","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0096-5588(20)30684-X","article-title":"Traumatic chylothorax and thoracic duct ligation","volume":"29","author":"Goorwitch, J.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Goorwitch J. Traumatic chylothorax and thoracic duct ligation. J Thorac Surg 1955;29:467-79.","journal-title":"J Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"966","article-title":"Postoperative chylothorax. Six cases in 2,500 operations, with a survey of the world literature","volume":"69","author":"Cevese, P.G.; Vecchione, R.; D'Amico, D.F.; etal","year":"1975","unstructured":"Cevese PG, Vecchione R, D'Amico DF, etal. Postoperative chylothorax. Six cases in 2,500 operations, with a survey of the world literature. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1975;69:966-70.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800660208","article-title":"Chylothorax following resection of the oesophagus","volume":"66","author":"Lam, K.H.; Lim, S.T.K.; Wong, J.; Ong, G.B.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lam KH, Lim STK, Wong J, Ong GB. Chylothorax following resection of the oesophagus. Br J Surg 1979;66: 105-9.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)40792-7","article-title":"Chylothorax after Bochdalek herniorrhaphy in a neonate","volume":"65","author":"Wiener, E.S.; Owens, L.; Salzberg, A.M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Wiener ES, Owens L, Salzberg AM. Chylothorax after Bochdalek herniorrhaphy in a neonate. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1973;65:200-6.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)42227-7","article-title":"Chylothorax after surgery for congenital heart disease","volume":"61","author":"Higgins, C.B.; Mulder, D.G.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Higgins CB, Mulder DG. Chylothorax after surgery for congenital heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1971;61:411-8.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)42829-8","article-title":"Chylothorax after repair of ventricular septal defect","volume":"56","author":"Tandon, R.K.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Tandon RK. Chylothorax after repair of ventricular septal defect. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1968;56:378-80.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.31.5.610","article-title":"Chylothorax: report of a case complicating ductus ligation through a median sternotomy, and review","volume":"31","author":"Kaul, T.K.; Bain, W.H.; Turner, M.A.; Taylor, K.M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kaul TK, Bain WH, Turner MA, Taylor KM. Chylothorax: report of a case complicating ductus ligation through a median sternotomy, and review. Thorax 1976;31:610-6.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)40223-7","article-title":"Chylothorax after median sternotomy for intrapericardial cardiac surgery","volume":"71","author":"Joyce, L.D.; Lindsay, W.G.; Nicoloff, D.M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Joyce LD, Lindsay WG, Nicoloff DM. Chylothorax after median sternotomy for intrapericardial cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1976;71:476-80.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"499","article-title":"Chylothorax after myocardial revascularization with internal mammary graft","volume":"32","year":"1981","unstructured":"Weber DO, Mastro PD, Yarnoz MD. Chylothorax after myocardial revascularization with internal mammary graft. Ann Thorac Surg 1981;32:499-502."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.39.12.954","article-title":"Chylothorax complicating pneumonectomy","volume":"39","author":"Mulders, A.V.; Lacquet, L.M.; Mieghem, W.V.; Deneffe, G.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Mulders AV, Lacquet LM, Mieghem WV, Deneffe G. Chylothorax complicating pneumonectomy. Thorax 1984;39:954-5.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"5","article-title":"Review of 5 years' cases in the literature and report of a case","volume":"118","author":"Chylothorax, Schmidt A.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Schmidt A. Chylothorax. Review of 5 years' cases in the literature and report of a case. Acta Chir Scand 1959;118:5-12.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"464","article-title":"Observations in 20 cases","volume":"46","author":"Chylothorax, Bower G.C.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Bower GC. Chylothorax. Observations in 20 cases. Dis Chest 1964;46:464-8.","journal-title":"Dis Chest"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"457","article-title":"The problem of","volume-title":"chylothorax. Mayo Clinic Proc 1967; 42","author":"Roy, P.H.; Carr, D.T.; Payne, W.S.","unstructured":"Roy PH, Carr DT, Payne WS. The problem of chylothorax. Mayo Clinic Proc 1967;42:457-67."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)65800-6","volume":"12","author":"Bessone, L.N.; Ferguson, T.B.; Burford, T.H.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Bessone LN, Ferguson TB, Burford TH. Chylothorax. Ann Thorac Surg 1971;12:527-50.","journal-title":"Chylothorax. Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"287","volume":"105","author":"Macfarlane, JR, Holman; C.W.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Macfarlane JR, Holman CW. Chylothorax. Am Rev Respir Dis 1972;105:287-91.","journal-title":"Chylothorax. Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.32.1.98","article-title":"Chylothorax: diagnosis by lipoprotein electrophoresis of serum and pleural fluid","volume":"32","author":"Seriff, N.S.; Cohen, M.L.; Samuel, P.; Schulster, P.L.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Seriff NS, Cohen ML, Samuel P, Schulster PL. Chylothorax: diagnosis by lipoprotein electrophoresis of serum and pleural fluid. Thorax 1977;32:98-100.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.23.2.214","article-title":"Chylothorax in infancy","volume":"23","author":"Jeske, W.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Jeske W. Chylothorax in infancy. Thorax 1968;23:214-5.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"977","article-title":"Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: physiologic-pathologic radiologic correlations","volume":"116","author":"Carrington, C.B.; Cugell, D.W.; Gaensler, E.A.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Carrington CB, Cugell DW, Gaensler EA, et al. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: physiologic-pathologic radiologic correlations. Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;116: 977-95.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.25.4.409","article-title":"The diagnosis and surgical management of chylothorax with the aid of lipophilic dyes","volume":"25","author":"Klempser, R.G.; Berry, J.F.","year":"1954","unstructured":"Klempser RG, Berry JF. The diagnosis and surgical management of chylothorax with the aid of lipophilic dyes. Dis Chest 1954;25:409-26.","journal-title":"Dis Chest"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"128","article-title":"Diagnosis of chylothorax with 131I-triolein: case report","volume":"18","author":"Woolfenden, J.M.; Struse, T.B.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Woolfenden JM, Struse TB. Diagnosis of chylothorax with 131I-triolein: case report. J Nuci Med 1977;18: 128-9.","journal-title":"J Nuci Med"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1148\/81.3.470","article-title":"Identification of laceration of the thoracic duct by lymphangiography","volume":"81","author":"Heilman, R.D.; Collins, V.P.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Heilman RD, Collins VP. Identification of laceration of the thoracic duct by lymphangiography. Radiology 1963;81:470-2.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196404092701502","article-title":"Treatment of chyluria and chylothorax with mediumchain triglyceride","volume":"270","author":"Hashim, S.A.; Roholt, H.B.; Babayan, V.K.; Itallie, T.B.V.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Hashim SA, Roholt HB, Babayan VK, Itallie TBV. Treatment of chyluria and chylothorax with mediumchain triglyceride. N Engl J Med 1964;270:756-61.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.53.3.400","article-title":"Dietary management of neonatal chylothorax","volume":"53","year":"1974","unstructured":"Dietary management of neonatal chylothorax. Pediatrics 1974;53:400-3.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)63755-1","article-title":"Simplified management of chylothorax in neonates and infants","volume":"24","author":"Craenen, J.M.; Williams, T.E.; Kilman, J.W.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Craenen JM, Williams TE, Kilman JW. Simplified management of chylothorax in neonates and infants. Ann Thorac Surg 1977;24:275-7.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"121","article-title":"The nonoperative treatment of traumatic chylothorax","volume":"40","author":"Maloney, J.V.; Spencer, F.C.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Maloney JV, Spencer FC. The nonoperative treatment of traumatic chylothorax. Surgery (St Louis) 1956;40: 121-8.","journal-title":"Surgery (St Louis)"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"157","article-title":"Clinical and immunological alterations observed in patients undergoing long-term thoracic duct drainage","volume":"84","author":"Machleder, H.I.; Paulus, H.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Machleder HI, Paulus H. Clinical and immunological alterations observed in patients undergoing long-term thoracic duct drainage. Surgery 1978;84:157-65.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref_28","first-page":"12","article-title":"A review of the surgery of the thoracic duct","volume":"1961","author":"Ross, J.K.","unstructured":"Ross JK. A review of the surgery of the thoracic duct. Thorax 1961;16:12-21.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1148\/85.6.1085","article-title":"The management of pleural effusions and chylothorax in lymphoma","volume":"85","author":"Bruneau, R.; Rubin, P.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Bruneau R, Rubin P. The management of pleural effusions and chylothorax in lymphoma. Radiology 1965;85: 1085-92.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.20.3.261","article-title":"Treatment of chylothorax by producing pleurodesis using iodized talc","volume":"20","author":"Gingell, J.C.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Gingell JC. Treatment of chylothorax by producing pleurodesis using iodized talc. Thorax 1965;20:261-9.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197302000-00022","article-title":"Chylothorax: indications for surgery","volume":"177","author":"Selle, J.G.; Snyder, W.H.; Schreiber, J.T.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Selle JG, Snyder WH, Schreiber JT. Chylothorax: indications for surgery. Ann Surg 1973;177:245-9.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)39563-7","article-title":"Persistent chylothorax. Treatment by talc pleurodesis","volume":"76","author":"Adler, R.H.; Levinsky, L.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Adler RH, Levinsky L. Persistent chylothorax. Treatment by talc pleurodesis J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1978;76:859-64.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref_33","article-title":"Physiological and Clinical Applications. (Faculty Lecture Series in Respiratory Care.) Susan P Pilbeam. (Pp 375; figs; \u00a318 softback.) Denver","volume":"18","author":"Ventilation, Mechanical","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mechanical Ventilation. Physiological and Clinical Applications. (Faculty Lecture Series in Respiratory Care.) Susan P Pilbeam. (Pp 375; figs; \u00a318 softback.) Denver, Colorado: Multi-Media Publishing Inc, 1986. ISBN 0 940122 18 9."},{"key":"ref_34","article-title":"day meeting will be held in Manchester, by the paediatrics section of the Royal Society of Medicine, on \"The Current Clinical Management of Cystic Fibrosis\"","author":"A special all","year":"1987","unstructured":"A special all day meeting will be held in Manchester, by the paediatrics section of the Royal Society of Medicine, on \"The Current Clinical Management of Cystic Fibrosis\" on 18 February 1987. Further details are available from Dr TJ David, Booth Hall Children's Hospital, Manchester M9 2AA.","journal-title":"on; Further"},{"key":"ref_35","article-title":"A course on lung pathology will be held at the Brompton Hospital","volume-title":"Further details may be obtained from the Postgraduate Course Secretary","author":"Cardiothoracic Institute, London SW3 6HP.","year":"1987","unstructured":"A course on lung pathology will be held at the Brompton Hospital, London, on 16-18 March 1987. Further details may be obtained from the Postgraduate Course Secretary, Cardiothoracic Institute, London SW3 6HP."},{"key":"ref_36","article-title":"Interaction between heart and lung An international congress entitled \"Interaction Between Heart and Lung,\" sponsored by the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology, will be held","volume-title":"Further information may be obtained from","year":"1987","unstructured":"Interaction between heart and lung An international congress entitled \"Interaction Between Heart and Lung,\" sponsored by the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology, will be held in Munich from 9 to 11 April 1987. Further information may be obtained from Dr med"},{"key":"ref_37","article-title":"th Annual Fleischner Society Symposium on Chest Disease The 17th Annual Fleischner Society Symposium on Chest Disease will be held from 21 to 23 May 1987 at the St Francis","unstructured":"th Annual Fleischner Society Symposium on Chest Disease The 17th Annual Fleischner Society Symposium on Chest Disease will be held from 21 to 23 May 1987 at the St Francis"}],"container-title":["Thorax"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/thx.41.11.880","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T22:40:16Z","timestamp":1684795216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thorax.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/thx.41.11.880"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,11,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.41.11.880","relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-6376"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-6376","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,11,1]]}}}