{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:35:50Z","timestamp":1791891350604,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thorax"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/thx.46.1.15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,13]],"date-time":"2008-12-13T03:22:59Z","timestamp":1229138579000},"page":"15-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Corticosteroid treatment as a risk factor for invasive aspergillosis in patients with lung disease."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"L. B.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. E.","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Schiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197003000-00002","article-title":"Aspergillosis: the spectrum of disease in 98 patients","volume":"49","author":"Young, R.C.; Bennet, J.E.; Vogel, C.L.; Carbone, P.P.; Devita, V.T.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Young RC, Bennet JE, Vogel CL, Carbone PP, Devita VT. Aspergillosis: the spectrum of disease in 98 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 1970;49:147-73.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.95.1.179","article-title":"Rapidly progressive pneumonia in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"95","author":"Palmer, L.B.; Schiff, M.J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Palmer LB, Schiff MJ. Rapidly progressive pneumonia in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest 1989;95: 179-80.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/8.3.357","article-title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non-immunocompromsed, non-neutropenic hosts","volume":"8","author":"Karam, G.H.; Griffin, F.M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Karam GH, Griffin FM. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non-immunocompromsed, non-neutropenic hosts. Rev Infect Dis 1986;8:357-63.","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-197811000-00014","article-title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a non-imn'unocompromised patient","volume":"276","author":"Roselle, G.A.; Kaufman, C.A.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Roselle GA, Kaufman CA. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a non-imn'unocompromised patient. Am J Med Sci 1978;276:357-o11.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"919","article-title":"Aspergillus pneumonia-a cluster of four cases in an intensive care unit","volume":"52","author":"Kallenbach, J.; Dusheiko, J.; Block, C.S.; Bethlehem, B.; KoornhofHJ, Zwi; S.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kallenbach J, Dusheiko J, Block CS, Bethlehem B, KoornhofHJ, Zwi S. Aspergillus pneumonia-a cluster of four cases in an intensive care unit. S Afr Med J 1977;52:919-23.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"707","article-title":"Miliary aspergillosis associated with alcoholism","volume":"131","author":"Blum, J.; Reed, J.C.; Pizzo, S.V.; Thompson, W.M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Blum J, Reed JC, Pizzo SV, Thompson WM. Miliary aspergillosis associated with alcoholism. Am J Radiol 1978;131:707-9.","journal-title":"Am J Radiol"},{"issue":"100","key":"ref_7","first-page":"217","volume":"1969","author":"Zellner, SR, Selby; JB, Loughrin J.J.Aspergillosis","unstructured":"Zellner SR, Selby JB, Loughrin JJ. Aspergillosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1969;100:217-20.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"776","article-title":"Primary pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"33","author":"Sawkar, L.A.; Dickerman, J.M.; Easom, H.F.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Sawkar LA, Dickerman JM, Easom HF. Primary pulmonary aspergillosis. N C Med 1972;33:776-8.","journal-title":"N C Med"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"166","article-title":"Successful treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicating influenza A","volume":"285","author":"Mcleod, D.T.; Milne, L.J.R.; Seaton, A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Mcleod DT, Milne LJR, Seaton A. Successful treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicating influenza A. Br Med J 1982;285:i 166-7.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03290400053024","article-title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis associated with influenza","volume":"241","author":"Fischer, J.J.; Walker, D.H.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Fischer JJ, Walker DH. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis associated with influenza. JAMA 1979;241:1493-4.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.41.215.34","article-title":"Fatal acute pulmonary aspergillosis in two children of a family","volume":"41","author":"Strelling, M.K.; Rhaney, K.; Simmons, D.A.R.; Thomson, J.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Strelling MK, Rhaney K, Simmons DAR, Thomson J. Fatal acute pulmonary aspergillosis in two children of a family. Arch Dis Child 1966;41:34-43.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/32.5.536","article-title":"Pathologic changes in acute disseminated aspergillosis: particularly involvement of the central nervous system","volume":"32","author":"Grcevic, N.; Matthews, W.F.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Grcevic N, Matthews WF. Pathologic changes in acute disseminated aspergillosis: particularly involvement of the central nervous system. Am J Clin Pathol 1959;32:536-5 1.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.61.4.394","article-title":"Primary pulmonary aspergillosis with high fibrinolytic activity in the aortic intima","volume":"61","author":"Pelczar, M.E.; Glas-Greenwalt, P.; Astrup, T.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Pelczar ME, Glas-Greenwalt P, Astrup T. Primary pulmonary aspergillosis with high fibrinolytic activity in the aortic intima. Chest 1972;61:394-6.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"112","article-title":"A nonimmunosuppressed patient with presumably invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a favorable outcome","volume":"26","author":"Schrijver, G.; Verwers, H.R.; Meinders, A.E.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Schrijver G, Verwers HR, Meinders AE. A nonimmunosuppressed patient with presumably invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a favorable outcome. Neth J Med 1983; 26:112-9.","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(80)90478-7","article-title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in an apparently nonimmunocompromised host","volume":"69","author":"Brown, E.; Freedman, S.; Arbeit, R.; Come, S.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Brown E, Freedman S, Arbeit R, Come S. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in an apparently nonimmunocompromised host. Am J Med 1980;69:624-7.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90396-X","article-title":"Invasive aspergillosis of the lung and pericardium in a nonimmunocompromised 33 year old man","volume":"71","author":"Cooper, J.A.D.; Weinbaum, D.L.; Aldrich, T.K.; Mandell, G.L.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Cooper JAD, Weinbaum DL, Aldrich TK, Mandell GL. Invasive aspergillosis of the lung and pericardium in a nonimmunocompromised 33 year old man. Am J Med 1981;71:903-7.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1980.00330170113033","article-title":"Fatal pulmonary psittacosis and aspergillosis","volume":"140","author":"Emmons, R.W.; Able, M.E.; Tenenberg, D.J.; Schacter, J.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Emmons RW, Able ME, Tenenberg DJ, Schacter J. Fatal pulmonary psittacosis and aspergillosis. Arch Intern Med 1980;140:697-8.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"41","article-title":"Disseminated Strongyloides stercoralis and Aspergillus fumigatus presenting as diffuse interstitial pneurnonitis in a steroid-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient","volume":"36","author":"Tankanow, L.; Eichenhorn, M.S.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Tankanow L, Eichenhorn MS. Disseminated Strongyloides stercoralis and Aspergillus fumigatus presenting as diffuse interstitial pneurnonitis in a steroid-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient. Henry Ford Hosp Med J 1988;36:41-3.","journal-title":"Henry Ford Hosp Med J"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"273","article-title":"Aspergillose invasive disseminee associee a une infection a Mycoplasma pneumoniae","volume":"4","author":"Ordronneau, J.; de Lajartre, A.Y.; Chollets, S.; Germaud, P.; Moinard, D.; Chailleux, E.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ordronneau J, de Lajartre AY, Chollets S, Germaud P, Moinard D, Chailleux E. Aspergillose invasive disseminee associee a une infection a Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Rev Mal Respir 1987;4:273-5.","journal-title":"Rev Mal Respir"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.95.6.1180","article-title":"Serious infectious complications of corticosteroid therapy for COPD","volume":"95","author":"West, P.M.; Flanagan, T.; Salata, R.A.; Shlaes, D.M.; Katzman, M.; Lederman, M.M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"West PM, Flanagan T, Salata RA, Shlaes DM, Katzman M, Lederman MM. Serious infectious complications of corticosteroid therapy for COPD. Chest 1989;95:1180-4.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.39.1.78","article-title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a non-immunosuppressed patient: successful management with systemic amphotericin and flucytosine and inhaled amphotericin","volume":"39","author":"Rodfuhuis, S.; Beaumont, F.; Kauffman, H.F.; Sluiter, H.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rodfuhuis S, Beaumont F, Kauffman HF, Sluiter HJ. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a non-immunosuppressed patient: successful management with systemic amphotericin and flucytosine and inhaled amphotericin. Thorax 1984;39:78-9.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.83.1.138","article-title":"Fatal disseminated aspergillosis in an asthmatic patient treated with corticosteroids","volume":"83","author":"Lake, K.B.; Browne, P.M.; Van Dyke, J.J.; Ayers, L.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lake KB, Browne PM, Van Dyke JJ, Ayers L. Fatal disseminated aspergillosis in an asthmatic patient treated with corticosteroids. Chest 1983;83:138-9.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/80.3.408","article-title":"Disseminated Aspergillus ustus infection following cardiac surgery","volume":"80","author":"Weiss, L.M.; Thiemke, W.A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Weiss LM, Thiemke WA. Disseminated Aspergillus ustus infection following cardiac surgery. Am J Clin Pathol 1983;80:408-1 1.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198302000-00029","article-title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis associated with aspergilloma and sarcoidosis","volume":"76","author":"Waldhorn, R.E.; Tsou, E.; Kerwin, D.M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Waldhorn RE, Tsou E, Kerwin DM. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis associated with aspergilloma and sarcoidosis. South Med J 1983;76:251-3.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.63.743.797","article-title":"Pulmonary berylliosis on corticosteroid therapy with cavitating lung lesions and aspergillomata-report on a fatal case","volume":"63","author":"O'Brien, A.A.J.; Moore, D.P.; Keogh, J.A.B.","year":"1987","unstructured":"O'Brien AAJ, Moore DP, Keogh JAB. Pulmonary berylliosis on corticosteroid therapy with cavitating lung lesions and aspergillomata-report on a fatal case. Postgrad Med J 1987;63:797-9.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)63943-4","article-title":"Pulmonary aspergillosis: an analysis of 41 patients","volume":"22","author":"Karas, A.; Hankins, JR, Attar; S, Miller; JE, McLaughlin; J.S.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Karas A, Hankins JR, Attar S, Miller JE, McLaughlin JS. Pulmonary aspergillosis: an analysis of 41 patients. Ann Thorac Surg 1976;22:1-7.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198203000-00005","article-title":"Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis: a discrete clinical entity","volume":"61","author":"Binder, R.E.; Faling, J.L.; Pugatch, R.D.; Mahasaen, C.; Snider, G.L.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Binder RE, Faling JL, Pugatch RD, Mahasaen C, Snider GL. Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis: a discrete clinical entity. Medicine (Baltimore) 1982;61: 109-24.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(73)90077-6","article-title":"Aspergillosis complicating neoplastic disease","volume":"54","author":"Meyer, R.D.; Young, S.Y.; Armstrong, D.; Yu, B.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Meyer RD, Young SY, Armstrong D, Yu B. Aspergillosis complicating neoplastic disease. Am J Med 1973;54:6-15.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1971)28:5<1289::AID-CNCR2820280530>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Multiple pulmonary aspergillomas in acute leukemia","volume":"28","author":"Burke, P.S.; Coltman, C.A.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Burke PS, Coltman CA. Multiple pulmonary aspergillomas in acute leukemia. Cancer 1971;28:1289-92.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110489","article-title":"Selective protection against conidia by mononuclear and against mycelia by polymorphonuclear phagocytes in resistance to aspergillus","volume":"69","author":"Schaffner, A.; Douglas, H.; Braude, A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Schaffner A, Douglas H, Braude A. Selective protection against conidia by mononuclear and against mycelia by polymorphonuclear phagocytes in resistance to aspergillus. J Clin Invest 1982;69:617-31.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"150","key":"ref_31","first-page":"752","article-title":"In vivo bronchoalveolar macrophage defense against Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillusfumigatus","volume":"1984","author":"Waldorf, A.R.; Levitz, S.M.; Diamond, R.D.","unstructured":"Waldorf AR, Levitz SM, Diamond RD. In vivo bronchoalveolar macrophage defense against Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillusfumigatus. J Infect Dis 1984,150:752-60.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-84-3-304","article-title":"Glucocorticoid therapy: mechanisms of action and clinical considerations","volume":"84","author":"Fauci, A.S.; Dale, D.C.; Balow, J.E.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Fauci AS, Dale DC, Balow JE. Glucocorticoid therapy: mechanisms of action and clinical considerations. Ann Intern Med 1976;84:304-15.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197501302920504","article-title":"Effects of corticosteroids therapy on human monocyte function","volume":"292","author":"Rinehart, J.J.; Sagone, A.L.; Balcersak, S.P.; Ackerman, G.A.; Lobuglio, A.F.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Rinehart JJ, Sagone AL, Balcersak SP, Ackerman GA, Lobuglio AF. Effects of corticosteroids therapy on human monocyte function. N Engi J Med 1975;292:236-41.","journal-title":"N Engi J Med"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"1337","article-title":"Effects of corticosteroids on human monocyte function","volume":"54","author":"Rinehart, J.J.; Balcersak, S.P.; Lobuglio, A.F.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Rinehart JJ, Balcersak SP, Lobuglio AF. Effects of corticosteroids on human monocyte function. J Clin Invest 1975; 54:1337-43.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112166","article-title":"Therapeutic concentrations of glucocorticoids suppress the antimicrobial activity of human macrophages without impairing their responsiveness to gamma interferon","volume":"76","author":"Schaffner, A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Schaffner A. Therapeutic concentrations of glucocorticoids suppress the antimicrobial activity of human macrophages without impairing their responsiveness to gamma interferon. J Clin Invest 1985;76:1755-64.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-40-3-462","article-title":"Free cortisol index: a rapid and simple estimation of free cortisol in human plasma","volume":"40","author":"Baumann, G.; Rappaport, G.; Lemarchand-Beraud, T.; Felber, J.P.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Baumann G, Rappaport G, Lemarchand-Beraud T, Felber JP. Free cortisol index: a rapid and simple estimation of free cortisol in human plasma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975;40:462-9.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"236","article-title":"Invasive aspergillosis in renal transplant recipients: correlation with corticosteroid therapy","volume":"148","author":"Gustafson, T.L.; Schaffner, W.; Lavely, G.B.; Stratton, C.W.; Johnson, H.K.; Hutcheson, R.H.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gustafson TL, Schaffner W, Lavely GB, Stratton CW, Johnson HK, Hutcheson RH. Invasive aspergillosis in renal transplant recipients: correlation with corticosteroid therapy. J Infect Dis 1983;148:236-8.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198510000-00002","article-title":"Fungal infections in liver transplant recipients","volume":"40","author":"Wajszczuk, C.P.; Dummer, J.S.; Ho, M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Wajszczuk CP, Dummer JS, Ho M, et al. Fungal infections in liver transplant recipients. Transplantation 1985;40: 347-53.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"618","article-title":"Medical mycology","author":"Rippon, J.W.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rippon JW. Medical mycology. London: Saunders, 1988: 618-50."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"167","article-title":"Clinical and immunologic significance of Aspergillus fumigatus in the sputum","volume":"80","author":"Pepys, J.; Riddel, R.; Citron, K.; Clayton, Y.; Short, E.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Pepys J, Riddel R, Citron K, Clayton Y, Short E. Clinical and immunologic significance of Aspergillus fumigatus in the sputum. Am Rev Respir Dis 1959;80:167-72.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02055973","article-title":"Fungi in the sputum of normal men","volume":"54","author":"Comstock, G.W.; Palmer, C.E.; Stone, R.W.; Goodman, N.L.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Comstock GW, Palmer CE, Stone RW, Goodman NL. Fungi in the sputum of normal men. Mycopathol Mycol Appl 1974;54:55.","journal-title":"Mycopathol Mycol Appl"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-101-1-1","article-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in the immunocompromised host","volume":"101","author":"Stover, D.E.; Zaman, M.B.; Haidu, S.L.; Lange, M.; Gold, J.; Armstrong, D.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Stover DE, Zaman MB, Haidu SL, Lange M, Gold J, Armstrong D. Bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in the immunocompromised host. Ann Intern Med 1984;101:1-7.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"249","article-title":"Significance of isolation of Aspergillus from the respiratory tract in diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"81","author":"Yu, V.L.; Muder, R.R.; Poorsattar, A.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Yu VL, Muder RR, Poorsattar A. Significance of isolation of Aspergillus from the respiratory tract in diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Arn J Med 1986;81: 249-54.","journal-title":"Arn J Med"}],"container-title":["Thorax"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/thx.46.1.15","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T09:11:07Z","timestamp":1601111467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thorax.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/thx.46.1.15"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.46.1.15","relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-6376"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-6376","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]}}}