{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T19:24:45Z","timestamp":1766690685687},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thorax"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/thx.48.3.199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,13]],"date-time":"2008-12-13T03:22:59Z","timestamp":1229138579000},"page":"199-203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Tuberculosis and HIV: estimates of the overlap in England and Wales."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"J M","family":"Watson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S K","family":"Meredith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Whitmore-Overton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Bannister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J H","family":"Darbyshire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"and number with tuberculosis (England and Wales, excluding visitors)","year":"1991","unstructured":"June 1991 and number with tuberculosis (England and Wales, excluding visitors)"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Patients reported in the MRC tuberculosis notification surveys of 1983 and 1988 were compared with those reported to the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre national AIDS reporting system to establish whether any patients were common to both lists. For reasons of confidentiality the AIDS reporting system does not require patients to be identified by name. In cases where the name is withheld a name code (Soundex)'3 is used instead. The matching process was carried out by computer to select patients with the same Soundex code, sex, and year of birth. Potential matches were then compared by inspection of the original report forms, with name if given, ethnic group, exact date of birth, district of residence, and marital status as matching criteria","unstructured":"Patients reported in the MRC tuberculosis notification surveys of 1983 and 1988 were compared with those reported to the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre national AIDS reporting system to establish whether any patients were common to both lists. For reasons of confidentiality the AIDS reporting system does not require patients to be identified by name. In cases where the name is withheld a name code (Soundex)'3 is used instead. The matching process was carried out by computer to select patients with the same Soundex code, sex, and year of birth. Potential matches were then compared by inspection of the original report forms, with name if given, ethnic group, exact date of birth, district of residence, and marital status as matching criteria."},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Physicians notifying one or more unmarried white men aged 25-64 years with tuberculosis during the 1988 MRC tuberculosis survey were sent a questionnaire that asked (a) whether they had tested any of the patients they had notified during the survey for HIV infection and (b) if so the total number tested and the number positive. This group was selected because unmarried white men in this age group alone accounted for most of the cases of AIDS reported to the Communicable Disease Surveillance","year":"1988","unstructured":"Physicians notifying one or more unmarried white men aged 25-64 years with tuberculosis during the 1988 MRC tuberculosis survey were sent a questionnaire that asked (a) whether they had tested any of the patients they had notified during the survey for HIV infection and (b) if so the total number tested and the number positive. This group was selected because unmarried white men in this age group alone accounted for most of the cases of AIDS reported to the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre by the end of June 1988."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.90.4.469","article-title":"Tuberculosis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"90","author":"Rieder, H.L.; Snider, D.E.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rieder HL, Snider DE. Tuberculosis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Chest 1986;90:469-70.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"35","key":"ref_5","first-page":"74","article-title":"Centres for Disease Control. Tuberculosis United States, 1985 and the possible impact of human T-lymphotropic virus type III\/lymphadenopathy-associated virus infecportion of patients with AIDS in these ethnic groups who had developed tuberculosis is not surprising; but 3-8% of those cases of \"white\" tion","volume":"1986","unstructured":"Centres for Disease Control. Tuberculosis United States, 1985 and the possible impact of human T-lymphotropic virus type III\/lymphadenopathy-associated virus infecportion of patients with AIDS in these ethnic groups who had developed tuberculosis is not surprising; but 3-8% of those cases of \"white\" tion. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1986;35:74-6.","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"385","article-title":"Tuberculosis in the United States. JAMA ethnic origin, which contributed","volume-title":"AIDS in England and Wales, developed tuberculosis. No substantial differences were seen in the proportion of individuals developing tuberculosis in each of the age groups. This was surprising in view of the low prevalence of prior tuberculous infection in 1989; 262","author":"Rieder, H.L.; Cauthen, G.M.; Kelly, G.D.; Bloch, A.B.; Snider, D.E.","unstructured":"Rieder HL, Cauthen GM, Kelly GD, Bloch AB, Snider DE. Tuberculosis in the United States. JAMA ethnic origin, which contributed 83% of all cases of AIDS in England and Wales, developed tuberculosis. No substantial differences were seen in the proportion of individuals developing tuberculosis in each of the age groups. This was surprising in view of the low prevalence of prior tuberculous infection in 1989;262:385-9."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6749.412","article-title":"Impact of HIV on tuberculosis in Zambia: a cross sectional study","volume":"301","author":"Elliot, A.M.; Luo, N.; Tembo, G.; Halwiindi, B.; Steenbergen, G.; Machiels, L.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Elliot AM, Luo N, Tembo G, Halwiindi B, Steenbergen G, Machiels L, et al. Impact of HIV on tuberculosis in Zambia: a cross sectional study. BMJ 1990;301:412-5.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198903023200901","article-title":"A prospective study of the risk of tuberculosis among intravenous drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"320","author":"Selwyn, P.A.; Hartel, D.; Lewis, V.A.; Schoenbaum, E.E.; Vermund, S.H.; Klein, R.S.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Selwyn PA, Hartel D, Lewis VA, Schoenbaum EE, Vermund SH, Klein RS, et al. A prospective study of the risk of tuberculosis among intravenous drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N EnglJ3 Med 1989;320:545-50.","journal-title":"N EnglJ3 Med"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"et al Nosocomial epidemic of active tuberculosis among HIV infected patients. Lancet 1989; 334: 1502-4. Tutbercuilosis anid HIV: estimates of the overlap itn England and Wales","author":"G, Di Perri; M, Cruciani; MC, Danzi; R, Luzzarti; GD, Checchi; M, Malena","unstructured":"Di Perri G, Cruciani M, Danzi MC, Luzzarti R, Checchi GD, Malena M, et al Nosocomial epidemic of active tuberculosis among HIV infected patients. Lancet 1989; 334:1502-4. Tutbercuilosis anid HIV: estimates of the overlap itn England and Wales"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"649","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control. Tuberculosis outbreak among persons in a residential facility for HIV-infected persons-San Francisco","volume":"40","year":"1991","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Tuberculosis outbreak among persons in a residential facility for HIV-infected persons-San Francisco. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1991;40:649-52.","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"51","article-title":"The surveillance of HIV-1 infection and AIDS in England and Wales","volume":"1","author":"Centre, P.H.L.S.A.I.D.S.","year":"1991","unstructured":"PHLS AIDS Centre. The surveillance of HIV-1 infection and AIDS in England and Wales. Commnunicable Disease Report 1991;1:R51-6.","journal-title":"Commnunicable Disease Report"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6496.658","article-title":"Diseases Unit. National survey of notifications of tuberculosis in England and Wales in 1983","volume":"291","author":"Tuberculosis, Medical Research Council; Chest","year":"1985","unstructured":"Medical Research Council Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases Unit. National survey of notifications of tuberculosis in England and Wales in 1983. BMJ 1985; 291:658-61.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.47.10.770","article-title":"National survey of notifications of tuberculosis in England and Wales in 1988","volume":"47","author":"Group, Medical Research Council Cardiothoracic Epidemiology","year":"1992","unstructured":"Medical Research Council Cardiothoracic Epidemiology Group. National survey of notifications of tuberculosis in England and Wales in 1988. Thorax 1992;47:770-5.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"31","article-title":"Phonetic reduction of names. Computer Programis int Biomledicine","volume":"19","author":"Fenna, D.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Fenna D. Phonetic reduction of names. Computer Programis int Biomledicine 1984;19:31-6."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"45","article-title":"Population Censuses and Surveys and Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre of the Public Health Laboratory Service. Communicable disease statistics","volume":"45","author":"M, Robinson D.; D, Buchanan; T, Hellyer; M, McCarthy; I, Brown","year":"1988","unstructured":"Office of Population Censuses and Surveys and Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre of the Public Health Laboratory Service. Communicable disease statistics. Statistical tables, 1988. London: HMSO, 1990. (Series MB2, No 15.) 15 Helbert M, Robinson D, Buchanan D, Hellyer T, McCarthy M, Brown I, et al. Mycobacterial infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Thorax 1990;45:45-8.","journal-title":"Statistical tables; Series MB2, No 15.) 15"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"907","article-title":"Mycobacterial infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"45","author":"Springett, V.H.; Sutherland, I.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Springett VH, Sutherland I. Mycobacterial infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus [letter]. Thorax 1990;45:907."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03420030067031","article-title":"Increasing incidence of tuberculosis in a prison inmate population","volume":"261","author":"Braun, M.M.; Truman, B.I.; Maguire, B.; DiFerdinando, G.T.; Wornser, G.; Broaddus, R.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Braun MM, Truman BI, Maguire B, DiFerdinando GT, Wornser G, Broaddus R, et al. Increasing incidence of tuberculosis in a prison inmate population. JAMA 1989;261:393-7.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"3","article-title":"Notifications of tuberculosis in England and Wales, 1982-1989","volume":"1","author":"Watson, J.M.; Fern, K.J.; Porter, J.D.H.; Whitmore, S.E.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Watson JM, Fern KJ, Porter JDH, Whitmore SE. Notifications of tuberculosis in England and Wales, 1982-1989. Communicable Disease Report 1991;1: RI 3-6.","journal-title":"Communicable Disease Report"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"suppl.","article-title":"Report to the director of the Public Health Laboratory Service (Day report). Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in England and Wales to end 1993-projections using data to end September 1989","author":"Working Group","year":"1990","unstructured":"Working Group Report to the director of the Public Health Laboratory Service (Day report). Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in England and Wales to end 1993-projections using data to end September 1989. Communicable Disease Report 1990 January): suppl.","journal-title":"Communicable Disease Report"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6836.1231","article-title":"Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society. Guidelines on the management of tuberculosis and HIV infection in the United Kingdom","volume":"304","year":"1992","unstructured":"Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society. Guidelines on the management of tuberculosis and HIV infection in the United Kingdom. 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