{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:25:41Z","timestamp":1769160341917,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thorax"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.12.1285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,13]],"date-time":"2008-12-13T03:22:59Z","timestamp":1229138579000},"page":"1285-1291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Significant differences in flow standardised breath sound spectra in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stable asthma, and healthy lungs."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"L P","family":"Malmberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Pesu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A R","family":"Sovijarvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"272","article-title":"Chest auscultation in the diagnosis of pulmonary asbestosis","volume":"15","author":"Murphy, R.L.H.; Sorensen, K.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Murphy RLH, Sorensen K. Chest auscultation in the diagnosis of pulmonary asbestosis. Jf Occup Med 1973;15: 272-6.","journal-title":"Jf Occup Med"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.4.1120","article-title":"An accurate recording system and its use in breath sounds spectral analysis","volume":"55","author":"Charbonneau, G.; Racineux, J.L.; Sudraud, M.; Tuchais, E.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Charbonneau G, Racineux JL, Sudraud M, Tuchais E. An accurate recording system and its use in breath sounds spectral analysis. Appl Physiol 1983;55: 1120-7.","journal-title":"Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.2.481","article-title":"Measurement and theory of wheezing breath sounds","volume":"57","author":"Gavriely, N.; Palti, Y.; Alroy, G.; Grotberg, J.B.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gavriely N, Palti Y, Alroy G, Grotberg JB. Measurement and theory of wheezing breath sounds. Jf Appl Physiol 1984;57:481-92.","journal-title":"Jf Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.96.6.1405","article-title":"Digital respirosonography. New images of lung sounds","volume":"96","author":"Pasterkamp, H.; Carson, C.; Daien, D.; Oh, Y.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Pasterkamp H, Carson C, Daien D, Oh Y. Digital respirosonography. New images of lung sounds. Chest 1989; 96:1405-12.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02523040","article-title":"A toolkit for lung sound analysis","volume":"33","author":"Rosqvist, T.; Paajanen, E.; Kallio, K.; Rajala, H.-M.; Katila, T.; Malmberg, L.P.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rosqvist T, Paajanen E, Kallio K, Rajala H-M, Katila T, Malmberg LP. A toolkit for lung sound analysis. Med Biol Eng Comput 1995;33:190-5.","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.26.3.288","article-title":"Breath sounds","volume":"26","author":"Forgacs, P.; Nathoo, A.R.; Richardson, H.D.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Forgacs P, Nathoo AR, Richardson HD. Breath sounds. Thorax 1971;26:288-95.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"526","article-title":"Correlation of regional breath sounds with regional ventilation in emphysema","volume":"126","author":"Ploysongsang, Y.; Pare, J.A.P.; Macklem, P.T.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ploysongsang Y, Pare JAP, Macklem PT. Correlation of regional breath sounds with regional ventilation in emphysema. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;126:526-9.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"674","article-title":"Lung sound intensity in patients with emphysema and in normal subjects at standardized airflows","volume-title":"Thorax","volume":"47","author":"Schreur, H.J.W.; Sterk, P.J.; Vandershoot, J.; van Klink, H.C.J.; van Vollenhoven, E.; Dijkman, J.H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schreur HJW, Sterk PJ, Vandershoot J, van Klink HCJ, van Vollenhoven E, Dijkman JH. Lung sound intensity in patients with emphysema and in normal subjects at standardized airflows. Thorax 1992;47:674-9."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.106.1.91","article-title":"Abnormal lung sounds in patients with asthma during episodes with normal lung function","volume":"106","author":"Schreur, H.J.W.; Vandershoot, J.; Zwinderman, A.H.; Dijkman, J.H.; Sterk, P.J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schreur HJW, Vandershoot J, Zwinderman AH, Dijkman JH, Sterk PJ. Abnormal lung sounds in patients with asthma during episodes with normal lung function. Chest 1994;106:91-9.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.5_Pt_1.1147","article-title":"Variation of breath sound and airway caliber induced by histamine challenge","volume":"141","author":"Andersson, K.; Aitken, S.; Carter, R.; MacLeod, J.E.S.; Moran, F.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Andersson K, Aitken S, Carter R, MacLeod JES, Moran F. Variation of breath sound and airway caliber induced by histamine challenge. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141: 1147-50.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.47.9.680","article-title":"Effect of methacholine induced bronchoconstriction on the spectral characteristics of breath sounds in asthma","volume":"47","author":"Spence, D.P.S.; Bentley, S.; Evans, D.H.; Morgan, M.D.L.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Spence DPS, Bentley S, Evans DH, Morgan MDL. Effect of methacholine induced bronchoconstriction on the spectral characteristics of breath sounds in asthma. Thorax 1992; 47:680-3.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.1.122","article-title":"Changes in frequency spectra ofbreath sounds during histamine challenge test in adult asthmatics and healthy controls","volume":"105","author":"Malmberg, L.P.; Sovijarvi, A.R.A.; Paajanen, E.; Piirila, P.; Haahtela, T.; Katila, T.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Malmberg LP, Sovijarvi ARA, Paajanen E, Piirila P, Haahtela T, Katila T. Changes in frequency spectra ofbreath sounds during histamine challenge test in adult asthmatics and healthy controls. Chest 1994;105:122-31.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.1.225","article-title":"American Thoracic Society. Standards for the diagnosis and care ofpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma","volume":"136","year":"1987","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society. Standards for the diagnosis and care ofpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Am Rev RespirDis 1987;136:225-44.","journal-title":"Am Rev RespirDis"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"Biopsy pathology of the bronchi","author":"McDowell, E.M.; Beals, T.F.","year":"1987","unstructured":"McDowell EM, Beals TF. Biopsy pathology of the bronchi. Philadelphia: W B Saunders, 1987."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"232","article-title":"Pathology and cytology of asthma","author":"Laitinen, L.A.; Laitinen, A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Laitinen LA, Laitinen A. Pathology and cytology of asthma. In: Clark TJH, Godfrey S, Lee TH, eds. Asthma. London: Chapman & Hall, 1992:232-53."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"159","article-title":"Reference values for spirometric, pulmonary diffusing capacity and body plethysmographic studies","volume":"42","author":"Vlljanen, A.A.; Halttunen, P.K.; Kreu, K.-E.; Viljanen, B.C.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Vlljanen AA, Halttunen PK, Kreu K-E, Viljanen BC. Reference values for spirometric, pulmonary diffusing capacity and body plethysmographic studies. Scand Clin Invest 1982;42(Suppl 159):1-50.","journal-title":"Scand Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"41","article-title":"Standardization of the measurement of transfer factor (diffusing capacity). Eur Respir3'","volume":"6","author":"Cotes, J.E.; Chinn, D.J.; Quanjer, P.H.; Roca, J.; Yemault, J.C.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cotes JE, Chinn DJ, Quanjer PH, Roca J, Yemault JC. Standardization of the measurement of transfer factor (diffusing capacity). Eur Respir3' 1993;6(Suppl):41-52."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/TAU.1967.1161901","article-title":"The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra","volume":"15","author":"Welch, P.D.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Welch PD. The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra. IEEE Trans Audio Electroacoust 1967;AU-15:70-3.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Audio Electroacoust"},{"key":"ref_19","article-title":"Statistical methods","author":"Snedecor, G.W.; Cochran, W.G.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. Statistical methods. 7th edn. Ames: The Iowa State University Press, 1982.","edition":"7th edn"},{"issue":"171 -9","key":"ref_20","article-title":"Mechanisms of lung sound generation","volume":"6","author":"Olson, D.E.; Hammersley, JR","year":"1985","unstructured":"Olson DE, Hammersley JR. Mechanisms of lung sound generation. Semin Respir Med 1985;6:171 -9.","journal-title":"Semin Respir Med"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1011493","article-title":"Transmission of lung sounds","volume":"6","author":"Rice, D.A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rice DA. Transmission of lung sounds. Semin Respir Med 1985;6:166-70.","journal-title":"Semin Respir Med"},{"key":"ref_22","article-title":"A treatise on diseases of the chest. Translated from the French by John Forbes","author":"Laennec, R.T.H.","year":"1821","unstructured":"Laennec RTH. A treatise on diseases of the chest. Translated from the French by John Forbes. London: T. and C. Underwood, 1821."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref_23","first-page":"580","article-title":"Effects of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on airway conductance and lung volume in normal and asthmatic subjects","volume":"1969","author":"Richardson, P.S.; Sterling, G.M.","unstructured":"Richardson PS, Sterling GM. Effects of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on airway conductance and lung volume in normal and asthmatic subjects. BMJ 1969;3:580-4.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.4.999","article-title":"Frequency spectra of normal breath sounds in childhood","volume":"100","author":"Hidalgo, H.A.; Wegmann, M.J.; Waring, W.W.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hidalgo HA, Wegmann MJ, Waring WW. Frequency spectra of normal breath sounds in childhood. Chest 1991;100: 999-1002.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.4_Pt_1.1083","article-title":"Tracheal sound spectra depend on body height","volume":"148","author":"Sanchez, I.; Pasterkamp, H.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sanchez I, Pasterkamp H. Tracheal sound spectra depend on body height. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148:1083-7.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.5.1518","article-title":"Measurement of respiratory signals. Comparison of sensors","volume":"104","author":"Pasterkamp, H.; Kraman, S.S.; DeFrain, P.D.; Wodicka, G.R.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pasterkamp H, Kraman SS, DeFrain PD, Wodicka GR. Measurement of respiratory signals. Comparison of sensors. Chest 1993;104:1518-25.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.106.4.1140","article-title":"Measurement of respiratory acoustic signals. Effect of microphone air cavity depth","volume":"106","author":"Wodicka, G.R.; Kraman, S.S.; Zenk, G.M.; Pasterkamp, H.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wodicka GR, Kraman SS, Zenk GM, Pasterkamp H. Measurement of respiratory acoustic signals. Effect of microphone air cavity depth. Chest 1994;106: 1140-4.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"622","article-title":"Does the vesicular breath sound come only from the lungs?","volume":"128","author":"Kraman, S.S.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kraman SS. Does the vesicular breath sound come only from the lungs? Am Rev Respir Dis 1983;128:622-6.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"61","article-title":"Interference of cardiovascular sounds with phonopneumography in children","volume":"131","author":"Pasterkamp, H.; Fenton, R.; Tal, A.; Chernick, V.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Pasterkamp H, Fenton R, Tal A, Chernick V. Interference of cardiovascular sounds with phonopneumography in children. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;131:61-4.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_30","article-title":"Breath sounds methodology","author":"Gavriely, N.; Cugell, D.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gavriely N, Cugell D. Breath sounds methodology. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1995."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of lung volume and airflow on the frequency spectrum ofvesicular lung sounds","volume":"66","author":"Kraman, S.S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kraman SS. Effects of lung volume and airflow on the frequency spectrum ofvesicular lung sounds. RespirPhysiol 1986;66:1-9.","journal-title":"RespirPhysiol"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02442606","article-title":"Effect of air flow and flow transducer on tracheal breath sounds","volume":"28","author":"Mussel, M.J.; Nakazano, Y.; Miyamoto, Y.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mussel MJ, Nakazano Y, Miyamoto Y. Effect of air flow and flow transducer on tracheal breath sounds. Med Biol Eng Comput 1990;28:550-4.","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.3.603","article-title":"Vesicular lung sound amplitude mapping by automated flow-gated phonopneumography","volume":"53","author":"O'Donnel, D.M.; Kraman, S.","year":"1982","unstructured":"O'Donnel DM, Kraman S. Vesicular lung sound amplitude mapping by automated flow-gated phonopneumography. I Appl Physiol 1982;53:603-9.","journal-title":"I Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.50.2.307","article-title":"Spectral characteristics of normal breath sounds","volume":"50","author":"Gavriely, N.; Palti, Y.; Alroy, G.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Gavriely N, Palti Y, Alroy G. Spectral characteristics of normal breath sounds. J Appl Physiol 1981;50:307-14.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.86.5.718","article-title":"Quantitation of wheezing in acute asthma","volume":"86","author":"Baughman, R.P.; Loudon, R.G.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Baughman RP, Loudon RG. Quantitation of wheezing in acute asthma. Chest 1984;86:718-22.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07010035","article-title":"Respiratory health screening using pulmonary function tests and lung sound analysis","volume":"7","author":"Gavriely, N.; Nissan, M.; Cugell, D.W.; Rubin, A.-H.E.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gavriely N, Nissan M, Cugell DW, Rubin A-HE. Respiratory health screening using pulmonary function tests and lung sound analysis. Eur Respir J 1994;7:35-42.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"303","article-title":"Determination of the site of production of respiratory sounds by subtraction phonopneumography","volume":"122","author":"Kraman, S.S.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kraman SS. Determination of the site of production of respiratory sounds by subtraction phonopneumography. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980;122:303-9.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"268","article-title":"Origin ofcentral airway breath sounds","volume":"127","author":"Olson, D.E.; Snyder, B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Olson DE, Snyder B. Origin ofcentral airway breath sounds. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983;127:A268.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/0094-5765(79)90061-4","article-title":"Monitoring the state of the human airways by analysis of respiratory sound","volume":"6","author":"Hardin, J.C.; Patterson, J.L.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hardin JC, Patterson JL. Monitoring the state of the human airways by analysis of respiratory sound. Acta Astronaut 1979;6:1137-51.","journal-title":"Acta Astronaut"}],"container-title":["Thorax"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/thx.50.12.1285","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T09:21:18Z","timestamp":1601112078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thorax.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/thx.50.12.1285"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.50.12.1285","relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-6376"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-6376","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,1]]}}}