{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:23:02Z","timestamp":1773757382206,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thorax"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/thx.51.12.1239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,13]],"date-time":"2008-12-13T03:22:59Z","timestamp":1229138579000},"page":"1239-1242","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Clinical assessment of diaphragm strength by cervical magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"C. H.","family":"Hamnegard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. D.","family":"Wragg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. H.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Kyroussis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. I.","family":"Polkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Bake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Moxham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"The diaphragm","volume-title":"The respiratory muscles: mechanics and neurological control","author":"Agostoni, E.; Sant'Ambrogio, G.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Agostoni E, Sant'Ambrogio G. The diaphragm. In: Campbell EJM, Agostoni E, Newsom-Davis J, eds. The respiratory muscles: mechanics and neurological control. 2nd ed. London: Lloyd-Luke, 1970: 145-60.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-0971(85)90047-6","article-title":"Fall in vital capacity with posture","volume":"79","author":"Allen, S.M.; Hunt, B.; Green, M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Allen SM, Hunt B, Green M. Fall in vital capacity with posture. Br J Dis Chest 1985;79:267-71.","journal-title":"Br J Dis Chest"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0690091","article-title":"The maximal sniff in the assessment of diaphragm function in man","volume":"69","author":"Miller, J.M.; Moxham, J.; Green, M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Miller JM, Moxham J, Green M. The maximal sniff in the assessment of diaphragm function in man. Clin Sci 1985; 69:91-6.","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880180605","article-title":"Reliability of measurements of muscle strength and voluntary activation using twitch interpolation","volume":"18","author":"Allen, G.M.; Gandevia, S.C.; McKenzie, D.K.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Allen GM, Gandevia SC, McKenzie DK. Reliability of measurements of muscle strength and voluntary activation using twitch interpolation. Muscle Nerve 1995;18:593-600.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.49.12.1234","article-title":"Potentiation of diaphragmatic twitch after its voluntary activation","volume":"49","author":"Wragg, S.; Hamnegard, C.; Road, J.; Kyroussis, D.; Moran, J.; Green, M.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wragg S, Hamnegard C, Road J, Kyroussis D, Moran J, Green M, et al. Potentiation of diaphragmatic twitch after its voluntary activation. Thorax 1994;49:1234-7.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.4.1311","article-title":"Cervical magnetic stimulation: a new painless method for bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation in conscious humans","volume":"67","author":"Similowski, T.; Fleury, B.; Launois, S.; Cathala, H.P.; Bouche, P.; Derenne, J.P.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Similowski T, Fleury B, Launois S, Cathala HP, Bouche P, Derenne JP. Cervical magnetic stimulation: a new painless method for bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation in conscious humans. Jf Appl Physiol 1989;67:1311-8.","journal-title":"Jf Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07101788","article-title":"A comparison of cervical magnetic stimulation and bilateral percutaneous electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerves in normal subjects","volume":"7","author":"Wragg, S.; Aquilina, R.; Moran, J.; Ridding, M.; Hamnegard, C.H.; Green, M.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wragg S, Aquilina R, Moran J, Ridding M, Hamnegard CH, Green M, et al. A comparison of cervical magnetic stimulation and bilateral percutaneous electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerves in normal subjects. Eur Respir J 1994;7:1788-92.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1101","article-title":"Improved technique for estimating pleural pressure from esophageal balloons","volume":"19","author":"Milic-Emili, J.; Mead, J.; Tumer, J.M.; Glauser, E.M.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Milic-Emili J, Mead J, Tumer JM, Glauser EM. Improved technique for estimating pleural pressure from esophageal balloons. _J Appl Physiol 1964;19:1101-6.","journal-title":"_J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"788","article-title":"A simple method of assessing the validity of the esophageal balloon technique","volume":"126","author":"Baydur, A.; Pangiotis, K.; Behrakis, K.; Zin, W.A.; Jaeger, M.; Milic-Emili, J.A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Baydur A, Pangiotis K, Behrakis K, Zin WA, Jaeger M, Milic-Emili JA. A simple method of assessing the validity of the esophageal balloon technique. Ani Rev Respir Dis 1982;126:788-91.","journal-title":"Ani Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1","article-title":"A simple pressure calibrator. Scand _7 Clin Lab Invest","volume":"36","author":"Sixt, R.; Bake, B.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Sixt R, Bake B. A simple pressure calibrator. Scand _7 Clin Lab Invest 1976;36:1-2."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"100","article-title":"Magnetic stimulation of the human brain and peripheral nervous system: an introduction and the results of an initial clinical evaluation","volume":"20","author":"Barker, A.T.; Freeston, I.L.; Jalinous, R.; Jaratt, J.A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Barker AT, Freeston IL, Jalinous R, Jaratt JA. Magnetic stimulation of the human brain and peripheral nervous system: an introduction and the results of an initial clinical evaluation. Neurosurgery 1987;20: 100-9.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.30.5.420","article-title":"Phrenic nerve conduction in man","volume":"30","author":"Newsom-Davis, J.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Newsom-Davis J. Phrenic nerve conduction in man. JNeurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1967;30:420-6.","journal-title":"JNeurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.3.8118645","article-title":"Twitch potentiation following voluntary diaphragmatic contraction","volume":"149","author":"Mador, M.J.; Magalang, U.J.; Kufel, T.J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mador MJ, Magalang UJ, Kufel TJ. Twitch potentiation following voluntary diaphragmatic contraction. Ant 7 Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:739-43.","journal-title":"Ant 7 Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1532","article-title":"The effect of lung volume on transdiaphragmatic pressure","volume":"7","author":"Hamnegard, C.-H.; Wragg, S.; Mills, G.; Kyroussis, D.; Road, J.; Daskos, G.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hamnegard C-H, Wragg S, Mills G, Kyroussis D, Road J, Daskos G, et al. The effect of lung volume on transdiaphragmatic pressure. Eur Respir 7 1995;8: 1532-6.","journal-title":"Eur Respir"},{"key":"ref_15","article-title":"Diaphragm strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","author":"Polkey, M.I.; Kyroussis, D.; Hamnegard, C.-H.; Mills, G.H.; Green, M.; Moxham, J.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Polkey MI, Kyroussis D, Hamnegard C-H, Mills GH, Green M, Moxham J. Diaphragm strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arn I Respir Crit Care Med 1996 (in press).","journal-title":"Arn I Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"414","article-title":"Chest wall activation during cervical magnetic phrenic stimulation (CMPS) does not produce inspiratory pressures","volume":"151","author":"Mills, G.; Kyroussis, D.; Hamnegard, C.-H.; Wragg, S.; Moxham, J.; Green, M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mills G, Kyroussis D, Hamnegard C-H, Wragg S, Moxham J, Green M. Chest wall activation during cervical magnetic phrenic stimulation (CMPS) does not produce inspiratory pressures. Am 7 Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:A414.","journal-title":"Am 7 Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"337","article-title":"Respiratory muscle strength in Cushing's syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Mills, G.; Jenkins, P.J.; Kyroussis, D.; Hamnegard, C.-H.; Besser, G.M.; Wass, J.A.H.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mills G, Jenkins PJ, Kyroussis D, Hamnegard C-H, Besser GM, Wass JAH, et al. Respiratory muscle strength in Cushing's syndrome. Eur Respirj7 1994;7:337s.","journal-title":"Eur Respirj7"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.11.1162","article-title":"Unilateral magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerve","volume":"50","author":"Mills, G.H.; Kyroussis, D.; Hamnegard, C.-H.; Wragg, S.; Moxham, J.; Green, M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mills GH, Kyroussis D, Hamnegard C-H, Wragg S, Moxham J, Green M. Unilateral magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerve. Thorax 1995;50:1162-72.","journal-title":"Thorax"}],"container-title":["Thorax"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/thx.51.12.1239","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T09:23:53Z","timestamp":1601112233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thorax.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/thx.51.12.1239"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.51.12.1239","relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-6376"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-6376","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]}}}