{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:17:56Z","timestamp":1790007476876,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Violent injury and reinjury take a devastating toll on distressed communities. Many trauma centers have created hospital-based violent injury prevention programs (HVIP) to address psychosocial, educational, and mental health needs of injured patients that may contribute to reinjury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the overall effectiveness of HVIPs for violent injury prevention. We performed an evidence-based review to answer the following population, intervention, comparator, outcomes (PICO) question: Are HVIPs attending to adult patients (age 18+) treated for intentional injury more effective than the usual care at preventing: intentional violent reinjury and\/or death; arrest and\/or incarceration; substance abuse and\/or mental issues; job and\/or school attainment?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were queried for salient articles by a professional librarian on two separate occasions, and related articles were identified from references.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study eligibility criteria, participants, interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eligible studies examined adult patients treated for intentional injury in a hospital-based violence prevention program compared to a control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study appraisal and synthesis methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology to assess the breadth and quality of the evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>71 articles were identified. After discarding duplicates, reviews, and those articles that did not address our PICO questions, we ultimately reviewed 10 articles. We found insufficient evidence to recommend adult-focused HVIP interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a relative paucity of data, and available studies were limited by self-selection bias and small sample sizes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We make no recommendation with respect to adult-focused HVIP interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2016-000024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,3]],"date-time":"2016-10-03T13:40:36Z","timestamp":1475502036000},"page":"e000024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Hospital-based violence intervention programs targeting adult populations: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma evidence-based review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Steven","family":"Affinati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Family Institute at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desmond","family":"Patton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work and School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Ranney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Britton","family":"Christmas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The F. 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