{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:41:37Z","timestamp":1761129697278},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Fiscal Year 2016 Defense Medical Research and Development Program Prolonged Field Care Research Award - Intramural","award":["DM167139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DM167139"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tactical Combat Casualty Care guidelines for hemorrhage recommend resuscitation to systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 85\u00b15\u2009mm Hg during prehospital care. Success depends on transport to definitive care within the \u2018golden hour\u2019. As future conflicts may demand longer prehospital\/transport times, we sought to determine safety of prolonged permissive hypotension (PH).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult male swine were randomized into three experimental groups. Non-shock (NS)\/normotensive underwent anesthesia only. NS\/PH was bled to SBP of 85\u00b15\u2009mm Hg for 6\u2009hours of prolonged field care (PFC) with SBP maintained via crystalloid, then recovered. Experimental group underwent controlled hemorrhage to mean arterial pressure 30\u2009mm Hg until decompensation (Decomp\/PH), followed by 6\u2009hours of PFC. Hemorrhaged animals were then resuscitated with whole blood and observed for 24\u2009hours. Physiologic variables, blood, tissue samples, and neurologic scores were collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Survival of all groups was 100%. Fluid volumes to maintain targeted SBP in PFC were significantly higher in the hemorrhage group than sham groups. After 24\u2009hours\u2019 recovery, no significant differences were observed in neurologic scores or cerebrospinal fluid markers of brain injury. No significant changes in organ function related to treatment were observed during PFC through recovery, as assessed by serum chemistry and histological analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 6\u2009hours, a prolonged PH strategy showed no detrimental effect on survival or neurologic outcome despite the increased ischemic burden of hemorrhage. Significant fluid volume was required to maintain SBP\u2014a potential logistic burden for prehospital care. Further work to define maximum allowable time of PH is needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Translational animal model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2019-000369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T02:44:27Z","timestamp":1574390667000},"page":"e000369","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of prolonged \u2018Permissive Hypotension\u2019: results from a 6-hour hemorrhage protocol in swine"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Clifford G","family":"Morgan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie 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