{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T11:03:51Z","timestamp":1768734231706,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600128000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Blunt injuries to the adrenal glands are considered rare, associated with severe injury, and highly mortal, based on autopsy series and earlier retrospective reviews. Recent studies have reported higher incidence rates associated with lower injury severity and mortality rates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 3-year review of the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcomes Study Registry of adults with intra-abdominal injuries after blunt trauma was performed and associated organ injuries, injury parameters and in-hospital mortality were compared between those with and those without adrenal gland injury.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>5679 patient records were identified, 439 with adrenal gland injuries and 5240 without. The liver and the kidney were the intra-abdominal organs most frequently associated with injuries to an adrenal gland, and the spleen was the intra-abdominal organ most frequently injured in those without an adrenal gland injury. There was no difference in mortality rates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Injuries to the adrenal gland occur with an incidence of 0.43% after blunt force trauma. The presence of a blunt adrenal gland injury is not a marker of severe injury or associated with an increased mortality rate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>II, Retrospective Study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2020-000487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T17:30:23Z","timestamp":1600191023000},"page":"e000487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Acute traumatic injuries of the adrenal gland: results of analysis of the Pennsylvania trauma outcomes study registry"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8452-309X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jody C","family":"DiGiacomo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noam","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L D George","family":"Angus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swapna","family":"Munnangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Cardozo-Stolberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082410540375000_5.1.e000487.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-016-3840-3","article-title":"Adrenal injuries: historical facts and modern truths","volume":"41","author":"DiGiacomo","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2025082410540375000_5.1.e000487.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.8.3.185"},{"key":"2025082410540375000_5.1.e000487.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2303021345"},{"key":"2025082410540375000_5.1.e000487.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.07.004"},{"key":"2025082410540375000_5.1.e000487.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-006-0563-z"},{"key":"2025082410540375000_5.1.e000487.6","first-page":"2","article-title":"Adrenal gland injury secondary to blunt traumatic mechanisms: a marker of overall injury severity","volume":"60","author":"Stawicki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol"},{"key":"2025082410540375000_5.1.e000487.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481908500430","article-title":"Blunt adrenal injury: results of a state trauma registry review","volume":"85","author":"DiGiacomo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"2025082410540375000_5.1.e000487.8","unstructured":"Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation . 2018 operational manual for the data base collection system. 2018. http:\/\/ptsf.org\/upload\/7-25-18_FINAL_2018_PTOS_Manual.pdf (29 Aug 2019)."},{"key":"2025082410540375000_5.1.e000487.9","unstructured":"The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma . 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