{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:40:41Z","timestamp":1773290441262,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Falling from height may lead to significant injuries and time hospitalized; however, there are few studies comparing the specific mechanism of fall. The purpose of this study was to compare injuries from falls after attempting to cross the USA-Mexico border fence (intentional) with injuries from domestic falls (unintentional) of comparable height.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included all patients admitted after a fall from a height of 15\u201330 ft to a level II trauma center between April 2014 and November 2019. Patient characteristics were compared by falls from the border fence with those who fell domestically. Fisher\u2019s exact test, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U test were used as appropriate. A significance level of \u03b1&lt;0.05 was used.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 124 patients included, 64 (52%) were falls from the border fence while 60 (48%) were domestic falls. Patients sustaining injuries from border falls were on average younger than patients who had domestic falls (32.6 (10) vs 40.0 (16), p=0.002), more likely males (58% vs 41%, p&lt;0.001), fell from a significantly higher distance (20 (20\u201325) vs 16.5 (15\u201325), p&lt;0.001), and had a significantly lower median injury severity score (ISS) (5 (4\u201310) vs 9 (5\u201316.5), p=0.001). Additionally, compared with domestic falls, border falls had fewer injuries to the head (3% vs 25%, p=0.004) and chest (5% vs 27%, p=0.007), yet more extremity injuries (73% vs 42%, p=0.003), and less had an intensive care unit (ICU) stay (30% vs 63%, p=0.002). No significant differences in mortality were found.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients sustaining injuries from border crossing falls were slightly younger, and although fell from higher, had a lower ISS, more extremity injuries, and fewer were admitted to the ICU compared with patients sustaining falls domestically. There was no difference in mortality between groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Level III, retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2022-001020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T10:55:43Z","timestamp":1677581743000},"page":"e001020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Border-fence falls versus domestic falls at a South Texas trauma center"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7517-4337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Darwish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Services Department, South Texas Health System, McAllen, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constance","family":"McGraw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Research, Injury Outcomes Network, Englewood, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5299-0139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher W","family":"Foote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Services Department, South Texas Health System, McAllen, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaoyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Services Department, South Texas Health System, McAllen, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vidhur","family":"Sohini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Services Department, South Texas Health System, McAllen, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3685-314X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Bar-Or","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Research, Injury Outcomes Network, Englewood, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos H","family":"Palacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Services Department, South Texas Health System, McAllen, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082410540927000_8.1.e001020.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz050"},{"key":"2025082410540927000_8.1.e001020.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-021-00341-x","article-title":"The mechanism and pattern of injuries of undocumented immigrants crossing the texas-mexico border along the rio grande valley","volume":"8","author":"Palacio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inj Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025082410540927000_8.1.e001020.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e432","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20170117-05","article-title":"Analysis of musculoskeletal injuries sustained in falls from the United states-mexico border fence","volume":"40","author":"Burk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"2025082410540927000_8.1.e001020.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892012000500011","article-title":"Injuries sustained after falls from bridges across the united states-mexico border at el paso","volume":"31","author":"McLean","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"2025082410540927000_8.1.e001020.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.01.028","article-title":"The U.S.-mexico border: a time-trend analysis of border-crossing injuries","volume":"38","author":"Kelada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2025082410540927000_8.1.e001020.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-018-0827-1","article-title":"From dehydration to fractures: medical issues faced by people crossing the United States: Mexico border","volume":"21","author":"Koleski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"key":"2025082410540927000_8.1.e001020.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-017-0799-1","article-title":"Fall from heights: does height really matter?","volume":"44","author":"Alizo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"2025082410540927000_8.1.e001020.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000220","article-title":"Fatal falls in New York City: an autopsy analysis of injury patterns","volume":"37","author":"Obeid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"2025082410540927000_8.1.e001020.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112307","article-title":"Falls from great heights: risk to sustain severe thoracic and pelvic injuries increases with height of the fall","volume":"10","author":"Nau","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025082410540927000_8.1.e001020.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2018.01.007","article-title":"Falls from height: a retrospective analysis","volume":"9","author":"Turgut","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025082410540927000_8.1.e001020.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(96)00083-6"},{"key":"2025082410540927000_8.1.e001020.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413417","article-title":"Analysis of falls from height variables in occupational accidents","volume":"18","author":"Rey-Merch\u00e1n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025082410540927000_8.1.e001020.13","first-page":"106","article-title":"Analysis of the nature of injuries in victims of fall from height","volume":"66","author":"Kusior","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol"}],"container-title":["Trauma Surgery &amp; Acute Care Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/tsaco-2022-001020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T17:54:18Z","timestamp":1756058058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tsaco.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/tsaco-2022-001020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/tsaco-2022-001020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tsaco-2022-001020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2397-5776"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2397-5776","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}}}