{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:37:41Z","timestamp":1787017061418,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI106704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI106704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-16-2-0062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-16-2-0062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-compressible torso hemorrhage remains a high mortality injury, with difficulty mobilizing resources before exsanguination. Previous studies reported on a retrievable stent graft for damage control and morphometric algorithms for rapid placement, yet fluoroscopy is impractical for the austere environment. We hypothesized that magnetic sensors could be used to position stents relative to an external magnet placed on an anatomic landmark, whereas an electromagnet would allow self-calibration to account for environmental noise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A magnetic sensor alone (MSA) and with integrated stent (MSIS) were examined in a porcine model under anesthesia. A target electromagnet was placed on the xiphoid process (position 0\u2009cm). Sensors were placed in the aorta and measurements obtained at positions 0 cm, +4 cm, and +12\u2009cm from the magnet and compared with fluoroscopy. Sensors were examined under conditions of tachycardia\/hypertension, hypotension, vibration, and metal shrapnel to simulate environmental factors that might impact accuracy. General linear models compared mean differences between fluoroscopy and sensor readings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both sensors were compatible with a 10 French catheter system and provided real-time assessment of the distance between the sensor and magnetic target in centimeters. Mean differences between fluoroscopy and both magnetic sensor readings demonstrated accuracy within \u00b10.5\u2009cm for all but one condition at 0 cm and +4\u2009cm, whereas accuracy decreased at +12\u2009cm from the target. Using the control as a reference, there was no significant difference in mean differences between fluoroscopy and both MSA or MSIS readings at 0 cm and +4\u2009cm for all conditions. The system retained effectiveness if the target was overshot.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Magnetic sensors achieved the highest accuracy as sensors approached the target. Oscillation of the electromagnet on and off effectively accounts for environmental noise.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>This approach is promising for rapid and accurate placement of damage control retrievable stent grafts when fluoroscopy is impractical.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2023-001220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:20:32Z","timestamp":1701994832000},"page":"e001220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A self calibrating, magnetic sensor approach accurately positions an aortic damage control stent in a porcine model"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6096-9978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dahlia M","family":"Kenawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moataz","family":"Elsisy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Abdel-Rasoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youngjae","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5769-0012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan W","family":"Tillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051312234522000_8.1.e001220.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2012.05.002"},{"key":"2024051312234522000_8.1.e001220.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000641","article-title":"Emerging endovascular therapies for non-compressible torso 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hemorrhage","volume":"89","author":"Go","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2024051312234522000_8.1.e001220.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2018.04.011","article-title":"Damage control of caval injuries in a porcine model using a retrievable rescue stent","volume":"6","author":"Go","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"key":"2024051312234522000_8.1.e001220.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70364-9","article-title":"Standardized distances for placement of REBOA in patients with aortic stenosis","volume":"10","author":"Olsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024051312234522000_8.1.e001220.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e285","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy187","article-title":"Radiofrequency identification of the ER-REBOA: confirmation of placement without 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Surg"},{"key":"2024051312234522000_8.1.e001220.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002437","article-title":"Magnetically trackable resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta: a new non-image-guided technique for resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta","volume":"88","author":"Rezende-Neto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2024051312234522000_8.1.e001220.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182946746"},{"key":"2024051312234522000_8.1.e001220.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001534","article-title":"A retrievable rescue stent graft and radiofrequency positioning for rapid control of noncompressible hemorrhage","volume":"83","author":"Chun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care 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