{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:59:22Z","timestamp":1791593962287,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720137600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a growing presence of violence intervention workers who identify as women, yet their unique strengths and challenges have not been described previously. The purpose of this study was to characterize the intersections of gender and violence intervention work.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a qualitative study of women working in violence intervention via focus groups. Perceived strengths and risks were explored using a semistructured interviewing technique. Focus groups were transcribed and coded by two separate evaluators. Grounded theory methodology was used for thematic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>17 violence intervention and outreach specialists who identify as women were included in three focus groups. Common challenges include a sense of powerlessness when faced with inequitable structural limitations and vicarious trauma. When discussing the role of their gender identity in the work, the women reported that men seem more willing to be emotionally vulnerable with women, including disclosures of a history of sexual abuse. Women also experience a lack of respect personally and professionally in their role related to gender. The women revealed a need for leadership opportunities to leverage their strengths and for enhanced training, especially for male colleagues who may benefit from the insights of colleagues who are women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women bring unique strengths to roles as violence intervention specialists to deal with trauma and prevent future violence. These findings suggest a need for specific curricula to support women working in violence intervention and further studies that explore the intersectional role of race as well as gender in violence intervention work.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>6<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2024-001477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T15:20:20Z","timestamp":1720192820000},"page":"e001477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Women working in violence intervention and outreach: providing space for emotional vulnerability and empathy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4928-2590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace","family":"Keegan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LaCrisha","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chicago CRED, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collette","family":"Sholi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige-Ashley","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya L","family":"Zakrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, University of Chicago Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9015-7009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lea E","family":"Hoefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, University of Chicago Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081711075923000_9.1.e001477.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000756","article-title":"Reducing urban violence: a contrast of public health and criminal justice approaches","volume":"29","author":"Cerd\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2025081711075923000_9.1.e001477.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003996","article-title":"Trauma does not quarantine violence during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"272","author":"Hatchimonji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2025081711075923000_9.1.e001477.3","unstructured":"Hardiman T , Metzger T , Slutkin G . The role of two categories of outreach workers in high-risk conflict mediation to stop neighborhood shootings and killings. In Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology N; 2007,"},{"key":"2025081711075923000_9.1.e001477.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016049632545"},{"key":"2025081711075923000_9.1.e001477.5","unstructured":"Skogan WG , Hartnett SM , Bump N , Dubois J . Evaluation of ceasefire-Chicago. Chicago: Northwestern University, 2008: 5."},{"key":"2025081711075923000_9.1.e001477.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1353\/cpr.2010.0010","article-title":"Streetworkers, youth violence prevention, and peacemaking in Lowell, Massachusetts: lessons and voices from the community","volume":"4","author":"Frattaroli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Community Health Partnersh"},{"key":"2025081711075923000_9.1.e001477.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dymnicki AB , Henry D , Quintana E , Wisnieski E , Kane C . Outreach workers perceptions of positive and negative critical incidents: characteristics associated with successful and unsuccessful violence interruption. 2013;41:200\u201317. doi:10.1002\/jcop.21523","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.21523"},{"key":"2025081711075923000_9.1.e001477.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/lasr.12251","article-title":"Violence prevention and targeting the elusive gang member","volume":"51","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Law Soc Rev"},{"key":"2025081711075923000_9.1.e001477.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2021.07.032","article-title":"Understanding the makeup of a growing field: A committee on trauma survey of the national network of hospital-based violence intervention programs","volume":"223","author":"Bonne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2025081711075923000_9.1.e001477.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001842","article-title":"Universal screening for intimate partner and sexual violence in trauma patients\u2014what about the men? an Eastern Association for the surgery of trauma multicenter trial","volume":"85","author":"Zakrison","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2025081711075923000_9.1.e001477.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02104099"}],"container-title":["Trauma Surgery &amp; Acute Care Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/tsaco-2024-001477","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,17]],"date-time":"2025-08-17T18:08:08Z","timestamp":1755454088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tsaco.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/tsaco-2024-001477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/tsaco-2024-001477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tsaco-2024-001477","relation":{},"ISSN":["2397-5776"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2397-5776","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}}}