{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T14:03:09Z","timestamp":1784901789390,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"Suppl 4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences","award":["UL1TR002345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002345"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016433","name":"Missouri Foundation for Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016433","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development","award":["K23HD107520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HD107520"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) provide victims of violence with case management services to promote healing and reduce violent reinjury. Life Outside Violence (LOV), the St. Louis region-wide HVIP, is the first multisystem HVIP in the country. The objective of this study was to describe rates of individualized treatment plan (ITP) goal completion among adolescent and young adult LOV participants and explore differences across ITP goal categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective observational cohort study of patients aged 8\u201330\u2009who presented to a LOV partner hospital for a violent injury between August 15, 2018 and December 31, 2024 and participated in LOV. The LOV REDCap database was queried for patient demographics, injury type, ITP goal category, and goal completion. Analysis included descriptive statistics of participant characteristics and goal categories set and completed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cohort included 263 LOV participants who were primarily black (96%), male (63%) young adults (51%) and injured by a firearm (63%). A majority of LOV participants (85%) identified an ITP goal; of these 139 (62%) completed at least one goal. The most common goal category identified was Health and healthcare (34%), within which the subcategory of Mental health was prominent (58%). Social and community goals were completed at the highest rate (70%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HVIPs are highly individualized programs that address the unique needs of violent injury survivors. Overall, LOV participants set and completed ITP goals at a high rate. Findings indicated robust support for social and community related goals. These findings can inform patient-centered service provision and evaluation methods among other HVIPs and violence intervention programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2025-002073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T13:15:29Z","timestamp":1784898929000},"page":"e002073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Goal completion among participants of a region-wide hospital-based violence intervention program: an observational cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0176-1265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lashaunda","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Kaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Health, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2040-8524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Health, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kateri","family":"Chapman-Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melik","family":"Coffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Health, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyria","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya","family":"Eswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Szoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micheal A","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Saint Louis University - St Louis Campus, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9799-0861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.029","article-title":"Pediatric firearm and motor vehicle collision injuries in the United States: Diverging trends","volume":"53","author":"Doh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13392"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-022-00656-0"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.11.014"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.5","unstructured":"The Health Alliance for Violence Intervention 2 Boylston St, 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02116: The Health Alliance for Violence Intervention. 2026. Available: https:\/\/www.thehavi.org\/"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziminski D , Schleimer JP , Girma M . Identifying Community Violence Intervention (CVI) Approaches: A Grey Literature Scoping Review. Inquiry 2025;62. doi:10.1177\/00469580251368725","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580251368725"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.7","unstructured":"Bureau USC . Annual estimates of the resident population for the united states, regions, and states, and puerto rico: april 1. 2010. Available: https:\/\/www.census.gov\/data\/tables\/time-series\/demo\/popest\/2010s-state-total.html"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.8","unstructured":"Life Outside of Violence. 2026. Available: https:\/\/www.lovstl.org\/"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001716","article-title":"A Regional Approach to Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs Through LOV","volume":"29","author":"Mueller","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Public Health Manag Pract"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.13030","article-title":"Exploring the impacts of perceived locus of control on post-traumatic stress disorder among disaster survivors: A systematic review","volume":"31","author":"G\u00fczel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003082","article-title":"Empowering the affected: Informing community-based solutions through interviews with survivors of interpersonal firearm violence-Perspectives of survivors of firearm injuries","volume":"90","author":"Halimeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00027162231173323"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000000409"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001261"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.7326\/M24-0430","article-title":"Factors Associated With Recurrent Pediatric Firearm Injury\u202f: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Analysis","volume":"177","author":"Miller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-0069","article-title":"Incidence of and Factors Associated With Recurrent Firearm Injury Among Patients Presenting to St. Louis Trauma Centers, 2010 to 2019","volume":"176","author":"Mueller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2023-045032"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-24-01576","article-title":"Evaluation of a Region-Wide Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Program","volume":"178","author":"Mueller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.19","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services OoDPaHP . Healthy people 2030, social determinants of health. 2030. Available: https:\/\/health.gov\/healthypeople\/objectives-and-data\/social-determinants-health"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.05.019","article-title":"Future Orientation as a Cross-Cutting Protective Factor Against Multiple Forms of Violence","volume":"235","author":"Khetarpal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-048066","article-title":"Protective Factors Against Vaping and Other Tobacco Use","volume":"148","author":"Szoko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9785-4"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh-2013-0333","article-title":"Future orientation: a construct with implications for adolescent health and wellbeing","volume":"26","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Adolesc Med Health"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518792988"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000004702","article-title":"Hospital-based violence intervention programs may positively influence mental health outcomes","volume":"99","author":"Pinkes","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14162","article-title":"Boston Violence Intervention Advocacy Program: Challenges and Opportunities for Client Engagement and Goal Achievement","volume":"28","author":"Pino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054346","article-title":"A theory of human motivation","volume":"50","author":"Maslow","year":"1843","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.05.010","article-title":"Social connectedness, mental health and the adolescent brain","volume":"80","author":"Lamblin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.04.007","article-title":"Influence of the Source of Social Support and Size of Social Network on All-Cause Mortality","volume":"90","author":"Becofsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100847","article-title":"Barriers to healthcare access among U.S. adults with mental health challenges: A population-based study","volume":"15","author":"Coombs","year":"2021","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306234","article-title":"Social and Structural Determinants of Health and Youth Violence: Shifting the Paradigm of Youth Violence Prevention","volume":"111","author":"Nation","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107256","article-title":"Neighborhood segregation, tree cover and firearm violence in 6 U.S. cities, 2015-2020","volume":"165","author":"Jay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.18076","article-title":"Toward a Safer World by 2040: The JAMA Summit Report on Reducing Firearm Violence and Harms","volume":"334","author":"Rivara","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-25-01678","article-title":"Effects of a Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Program on Community Violence in Boston, Massachusetts","volume":"179","author":"Jay","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026072406151877000_11.Suppl_4.e002073.35","unstructured":"CVI ecosystem: CVI. Available: https:\/\/www.cviecosystem.org\/ [Accessed 19 Feb 2025]."}],"container-title":["Trauma Surgery &amp; Acute Care Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/tsaco-2025-002073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T13:15:35Z","timestamp":1784898935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tsaco.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/tsaco-2025-002073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/tsaco-2025-002073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tsaco-2025-002073","relation":{},"ISSN":["2397-5776"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2397-5776","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}