{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T05:13:38Z","timestamp":1772082818810,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,20]],"date-time":"2012-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    European foulbrood (EFB) is a severe bacterial brood disease of honey bees (\n                    <jats:italic>Apis mellifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Melissococcus plutonius<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Diagnosis of EFB in the field is based on visual inspection of brood\u2010combs and detection of diseased larvae. However, symptoms of EFB may be easily obscured by other diseases or abnormalities in the brood, making definitive diagnosis difficult. Hence, confirmatory laboratory assays, such as PCR and real\u2010time PCR, are used to verify the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>M plutonius<\/jats:italic>\n                    in suspected colonies. While these methods are accurate and specific, they are time consuming and labour intensive. Herein, we report development of a label\u2010free colorimetric nanodiagnostic method for direct detection of unamplified\n                    <jats:italic>M plutonius<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA using unmodified gold nanoparticles. Under appropriate conditions, the DNA probes hybridised with their complementary target sequences in the sample DNA, which resulted in aggregation of the gold nanoparticles and a concomitant red to blue colour change, which was observed visually. The assay could detect as few as 25 copies of the\n                    <jats:italic>M plutonius<\/jats:italic>\n                    cell wall\u2010associated protease gene within 20\u00a0minutes. The assay results were in 100 per cent concordance with real\u2010time PCR\u2010positive and PCR\u2010negative samples. Our study demonstrated that the gold nanoparticles\u2010based assay is a specific and sensitive tool for rapid detection of\n                    <jats:italic>M plutonius<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T20:27:21Z","timestamp":1346531241000},"page":"400-400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A novel gold nanoparticles\u2010based assay for rapid detection of\n                    <i>Melissococcus plutonius,<\/i>\n                    the causative agent of European foulbrood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division of Fish Medicine Department for Farm Animal &amp; Veterinary Public Health University of Veterinary Medicine Veterinaerplatz 1 Vienna A\u20101210 Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division of Fish Medicine Department for Farm Animal &amp; Veterinary Public Health University of Veterinary Medicine Veterinaerplatz 1 Vienna A\u20101210 Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"S\u00f8rum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Institute of Food Safety and Infection Biology Norwegian School of Veterinary Science P.O. Box 8146 Dep Oslo N\u20100033 Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. K.","family":"Fauske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Institute of Food Safety and Infection Biology Norwegian School of Veterinary Science P.O. Box 8146 Dep Oslo N\u20100033 Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"El\u2010Matbouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division of Fish Medicine Department for Farm Animal &amp; Veterinary Public Health University of Veterinary Medicine Veterinaerplatz 1 Vienna A\u20101210 Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.1991.11101237"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1781130a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-17-1-39"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"European Foulbrood","volume":"101","author":"Bailey L.","year":"1961","journal-title":"American Bee Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1983.tb02648.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"Honey Bee Pathology","author":"Bailey L.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1982.tb04679.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/apido:2006069"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1885.tb05794.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.1998.11100968"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5329.1078"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO). 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