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Patients were classified as American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) III (42 cases) and ASA IV (15 cases). Forty\u2010three patients had third\u2010degree atrioventricular block, and 14 patients had sick sinus syndrome. The anaesthetic protocol most frequently chosen was pethidine (41 cases), etomidate\u2010midazolam (43 cases) and isoflurane in oxygen for maintenance (57 cases). Transthoracic external pacing was used (43 cases) until the internal pacing lead was implanted. Atracurium was administered (48 cases) and intermittent positive pressure ventilation was applied in 52 cases. Complications observed included hypothermia (19 cases) and hypotension (5 cases). Three patients died (5.8%, 95% CI 1.1% to 14.6%) within the first 48 hours after termination of anaesthesia. The outcome for this procedure in sick animals appeared generally good though a number of complications were documented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]],"date-time":"2014-06-23T22:44:15Z","timestamp":1403563455000},"page":"303-303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Anaesthetic management and complications of pacemaker implantation in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Sanchis\u2010Mora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College University of London Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hatfield AL9 7TA UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Viscasillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mathis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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