{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:51:37Z","timestamp":1770749497603,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,29]],"date-time":"2014-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is involved in the porcine enzootic pneumonia and respiratory disease complex; therefore, the search for new treatment options that contribute to the control of this organism is relevant. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations of tylvalosin and 19 other antimicrobial agents against 20 Spanish field isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    were determined using the broth microdilution method, with the type strain (J) as a control strain. Tylvalosin had MIC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    and MIC\n                    <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of 0.016 and 0.06 \u00b5g\/ml, respectively, and was the second\u2010most effective of the assayed antibiotics, after valnemulin. Tiamulin, tylosin and lincomycin were also among the antibiotics with the lowest MIC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    and MIC\n                    <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                    values against the 20 field isolates (0.06\u20130.25 \u00b5g\/ml). However, resistance to tylosin and spiramycin, which like tylvalosin, are 16\u2010membered macrolides, was observed. The MIC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    and MIC\n                    <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                    values for ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin ranged from 0.125 to 1 \u00b5g\/ml; the corresponding values ranged from 2 to 4 \u00b5g\/ml for oxytetracyline, which was the most active tetracycline. Furthermore, tylvalosin and valnemulin exhibited the highest bactericidal activities. In conclusion, the macrolide tylvalosin and the pleuromutilin valnemulin exhibited the highest in vitro antimicrobial activities against\n                    <jats:italic>M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    field isolates in comparison with the other tested antibiotics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,2]],"date-time":"2014-09-02T23:23:21Z","timestamp":1409700201000},"page":"539-539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["In vitro activity of tylvalosin against Spanish field strains\n                    <i>of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"M. M.","family":"Tav\u00edo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Medicina Preventiva Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA) Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Arucas Spain"},{"name":"Microbiolog\u00eda Departamento de Ciencias Cl\u00ednicas Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Poveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Medicina Preventiva Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA) Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Arucas Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Medicina Preventiva Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA) Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Arucas Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Medicina Preventiva Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA) Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Arucas Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. B.","family":"Poveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Medicina Preventiva Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA) Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Arucas Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01250-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.08.013","article-title":"In vitro susceptibilities of field isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony type to 15 antimicrobials","volume":"119","author":"Antunes N. 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