{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T23:08:20Z","timestamp":1779232100765,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,6]],"date-time":"2014-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Few drugs are approved for treating diseases caused by parasites in minor species such as fish. This is due, in part, to the expense of drug development and to the comparatively small market. In vivo effectiveness trials for antiparasitic drugs are costly, time consuming and require ethics approval, therefore an in vitro screening approach is a cost\u2010effective alternative to finding promising drug candidates. We developed an in vitro testing system to test antimicrosporidial compounds against a microsporidian pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Heterosporis saurida<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Five antiparasitic compounds, albendazole, fumagillin, TNP\u201070, nitazoxanide and lufenuron, were assayed for antimicrosporidial activity. All compounds reduced the number of\n                    <jats:italic>H saurida<\/jats:italic>\n                    spores in infected cells when applied at a concentration that did not appear to be toxic to the host cells. Albendazole inhibited replication of\n                    <jats:italic>H saurida<\/jats:italic>\n                    by &gt;60 per cent, fumagillin and its analogue TNP\u2010470\u00a0inhibited\n                    <jats:italic>H saurida<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt;80 per cent, nitazoxanide and lufenuron inhibited growth &gt;70 per cent. The data suggest that both fumagillin and its analogous TNP\u201070 hold the best promise as therapeutic agents against\n                    <jats:italic>H saurida.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The ability to use fish cell cultures to assess drugs against\n                    <jats:italic>H saurida<\/jats:italic>\n                    demonstrates an approach that may be helpful to evaluate other drugs on different microsporidia and host cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]],"date-time":"2014-09-09T00:03:00Z","timestamp":1410220980000},"page":"561-561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Development of a novel in vitro method for drug development for fish; application to test efficacy of antimicrosporidian compounds"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division of Fish Medicine University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division of Fish Medicine University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A\u2010A.","family":"Abdel\u2010Baki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Faculty of Science Zoology Department Beni\u2010Suef University Beni\u2010Suef Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Dkhil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Faculty of Science Department of Zoology and Entomology Helwan University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"El\u2010Matbouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division of Fish Medicine University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Al\u2010Quraishy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011001971"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2009.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(03)00033-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.10.2440"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.1.167-168.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1996.tb01388.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.46.10.898"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2010.00510.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0932-4739(11)80031-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/drup.2000.0174"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/517390"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032655"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.7.1541"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Screening of compounds for antimicrosporidial activity in vitro","volume":"45","author":"Didier E. S.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Folia Parasitologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Epidemiology of microsporidiosis: sources and modes of transmission","volume":"94","author":"Didier E. S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"37S","article-title":"vitro sensitivity of Encephalitozoon cuniculi and E. hellem to albendazole","volume":"41","author":"Ditrich O","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao010109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2011(69)90162-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.6.1265"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0753-x","article-title":"Treatment of microsporidiosis including albendazole","volume":"90","author":"Gross U.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitology research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jipa.1993.1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao010103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao004165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao034045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003185","article-title":"Nosema ceranae Escapes Fumagillin Control in Honey Bees","volume":"9","author":"Huang W. F.","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS Pathogens"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/348555a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.17.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao020231"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12123"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2011(77)90184-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(88)90175-0","article-title":"The role of the cytoskeletal protein, tubulin, in the mode ofaction and mechanism of drug resistance to benzimidazoles","volume":"18","author":"Lacey E.","year":"1985","journal-title":"International Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2001.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.5.4.573"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","volume-title":"Protozoan parasites of fishes. Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science 26","author":"Lom J","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","unstructured":"MonaghanS. R. M.(2011)Use of fish cell cultures for the study and cultivation of microsporidia. A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology. Waterloo Ontario Canada"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02690"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050354"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1980.tb04681.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","first-page":"418","volume-title":"Fish Microsporidia","author":"Shaw R. W.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Evaluation of the antibiotic sinefungin as an antimicrosporidial drug","volume":"40","author":"Sichtova M","year":"1993","journal-title":"Folia Parasitologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"vitro cultivation of the human microsporidium Vittaforma corneae: development and effect of albendazole","volume":"42","author":"Silveira H","year":"1995","journal-title":"Folia Parasitologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.12.6099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0592-9","article-title":"vitro activity of polyoxin D and nikkomycin Z against Encephalitozoon cuniculi","volume":"88","author":"Sobottka I","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jcpa.1999.0325"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Studies on Glugea infection of the ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis II. On the prevention and treatment. I. Fumagillin as a treatment","volume":"11","author":"Takahashi S","year":"1976","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Fish Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"Staining of microsporidian spores by optical brighteners with remarks on the use of brighteners for the diagnosis of AIDS associated human microsporidioses","volume":"40","author":"Vavra J","year":"1993","journal-title":"Folia Parasitologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000060360"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","article-title":"Microsporidian molecular phylogeny: the fungal connection","volume":"46","author":"Weiss L. M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00643.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(91)90192-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2005.023","article-title":"Investigations into microsporidian methionine aminopeptidase type 2: a therapeutic target for microsporidiosis","volume":"52","author":"Zhang H","year":"2005","journal-title":"Folia Parasitologica"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1136%2Fvr.102604","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1136\/vr.102604","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T12:19:41Z","timestamp":1761567581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1136\/vr.102604"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/vr.102604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/vr.102604","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-4900","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}}}