{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:07:13Z","timestamp":1761581233759,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,28]],"date-time":"2015-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Benzalkonium chloride is commonly found in household products. This retrospective study examined 245 cases of feline exposure to benzalkonium chloride\u2010containing products reported to the Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS). A single route of exposure was reported in 188 cats (ingestion 126, skin 58, buccal 4); 57 cats had multiple routes. The common products involved were household antibacterial cleaners (43.6 per cent), household disinfectants (22.3 per cent) and patio cleaners (17.5 per cent). The most common signs were hypersalivation\/drooling (53.9 per cent), tongue ulceration (40.4 per cent), hyperthermia (40.4 per cent) and oral ulceration (22.9 per cent). The mean time recorded for onset of the first clinical sign was 6.4 hours (range five minutes to 48 hours, median 4.5 hours, n=60), however, the VPIS was not contacted until 14.0\u00b113.2 hours after exposure (n=120). This figure also reflects the time of presentation. The most common treatments given were antibiotics (82.0 per cent), fluids (50.2 per cent), analgesia (45.3 per cent), gastroprotectants (31.0 per cent), dermal decontamination (24.1 per cent) and steroids (22.7 per cent). 13 cats (5.3 per cent) received syringe or nasogastric feeding. Of 245 cats, 12 (4.9 per cent) remained asymptomatic, 230 (93.9 per cent) recovered and three died (1.2 per cent). The time to recovery ranged from 1 to 360 hours (n=67) with a mean of 100.4\u00b182.0 hours (4.2\u00b13.4\u00a0days, median 72 hours).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,13]],"date-time":"2014-09-13T03:29:35Z","timestamp":1410578975000},"page":"229-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Benzalkonium chloride exposure in cats: a retrospective analysis of 245 cases reported to the Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Bates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS) Medical Toxicology and Information Services Mary Sheridan House, 13 St Thomas Street London SE1 9RY UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS) Medical Toxicology and Information Services Mary Sheridan House, 13 St Thomas Street London SE1 9RY UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Chemical burns caused by benzalkonium chloride in eight surgical cases","volume":"25","author":"Bilbrey S. A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"984","article-title":"Quaternary ammonium compound toxicosis in the dog","volume":"150","author":"Grier R. L.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"HahnA. MichalakH. Pre\u00dfnerK. HeinemeyerG. Gundert\u2010remyU.(2000)Severe health impairments due to ingestion of disinfectants (quaternary ammonium compound \u2013 QuACs) in elderly persons \u2013 Data from the BgVV Toxicovigilance Systems (PRINS) [poster presentation]. Proceedings of European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT) XXth Congress Amsterdam May 2 to 5 2000 [abstract 178]"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050166"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Quaternary ammonium\u2010induced cutaneous and gastrointestinal mucosal lesions in a dog","volume":"38","author":"King W. W.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contemporary Topics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pec.0000278394.40376.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevOncog.v11.i34.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1972.161.06.652","article-title":"Dermatitis and death in mice accidentally exposed to quaternary ammonium disinfectant","volume":"161","author":"Serrano L. J.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2325-9841.1000113","article-title":"A case of fatal ingestion of 10% benzalkonium chloride solution","volume":"3","author":"Spiller H. A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"520","article-title":"Quaternary ammonium toxicosis in cats","volume":"32","author":"Trapani M.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Laboratory Animal Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003830000420"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/096032718800700216","article-title":"Survival after acute benzalkonium chloride poisoning","volume":"7","author":"Van berkel M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Human Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"1208","article-title":"Benzalkonium chloride poisoning in infant twins","volume":"129","author":"Wilson J. T.","year":"1975","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases in Childhood"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1136%2Fvr.102653","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1136\/vr.102653","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T12:10:26Z","timestamp":1761567026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1136\/vr.102653"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/vr.102653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/vr.102653","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0042-4900"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2042-7670"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}}}