{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T17:17:33Z","timestamp":1776964653014,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,4]],"date-time":"2015-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bacterial species isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples taken from dogs with respiratory signs and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility. Clinical cases were included in the study if they showed signs of respiratory disease and data relating to bacterial culture and susceptibility of BALF samples were available. The medical records of 493 privately owned dogs that were presented between January 1989 and December 2011 were evaluated retrospectively. In 35 per cent of samples, no bacteria were cultured. Bacteria isolated from culture\u2010positive samples included\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species (31 per cent of positive cultures), Enterobacteriaceae (30 per cent, including\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (15 per cent)),\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species (19 per cent),\n                    <jats:italic>Pasteurella<\/jats:italic>\n                    species (16 per cent) and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    species (14 per cent).\n                    <jats:italic>Bordetella bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a primary respiratory pathogen was isolated in 8 per cent of cases. Enrofloxacin showed the best susceptibility pattern; 86 per cent of all isolates and 87 per cent of Gram\u2010negative bacteria were susceptible to this antibiotic. Amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid yielded the best susceptibility pattern in Gram\u2010positive bacteria (92 per cent). Therefore, these antibiotics can be recommended for empirical or first\u2010line treatment in dogs with bacterial lower respiratory tract infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]],"date-time":"2014-12-03T01:55:28Z","timestamp":1417571728000},"page":"357-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from 502 dogs with respiratory signs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Rheinwald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Veterinaerstrasse. 13 Muenchen 80539 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Veterinaerstrasse. 13 Muenchen 80539 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"H\u00e4hner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Veterinaerstrasse. 13 Muenchen 80539 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Veterinaerstrasse. 13 Muenchen 80539 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. K.","family":"Straubinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Veterinaerstrasse. 13 Muenchen 80539 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Veterinaerstrasse. 13 Muenchen 80539 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1997.210.01.55","article-title":"Microbiological study of transtracheal aspirates from dogs with suspected lower respiratory tract disease: 264 cases (1989\u20131995)","volume":"210","author":"ANGUS J. C.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Comparison of bacterial growth in the upper and lower respiratory tract of healthy dogs","volume":"31","author":"BAUER N.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4rztliche Praxis Kleintiere"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"282","article-title":"Naturally occurring respiratory disease in a kennel caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica","volume":"67","author":"BEMIS D. A.","year":"1977","journal-title":"The Cornell Veterinarian"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/135.5.753"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"330","article-title":"Anaerobic infections in small animals","volume":"2","author":"BOOTHE D. M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Problems in Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"412","volume-title":"Textbook of Respiratory Disease in Dogs and Cats","author":"BRADY C. A.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2004.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.10.3.352-356.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2006.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"1096","volume-title":"Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine","author":"COHN L. A.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2007.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2010.00587.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"658","volume-title":"Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy XIV","author":"FORD R. B.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"766","article-title":"The effectiveness of the cephalosporins in the treatment of bacterial pneumonias in the dog","volume":"17","author":"HARPSTER N. K.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.206.02.206","article-title":"Comparison of clinical signs, diagnostic findings, organisms isolated, and clinical outcome in dogs with bacterial pneumonia: 93 cases (1986\u20131991)","volume":"206","author":"JAMESON P. H.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.212.02.200","article-title":"Role of Bordetella bronchiseptica in infectious tracheobronchitis in dogs","volume":"212","author":"KEIL D. J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"936","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat","author":"LEE\u2010FOWLER T.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"501","article-title":"An examination of the microbiologic flora of normal lung of the dog","volume":"117","author":"LINDSEY J. O.","year":"1978","journal-title":"The American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Bacterial isolates from the lower trachea of clinically healthy dogs","volume":"20","author":"MCKIERNAN B. C.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.381"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02272.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12128"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.10.1493"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(02)00039-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d4344"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1623659","article-title":"Bakterienisolate aus dem unteren Respirationstrakt von erkrankten Hunden und deren aktuelle Resistenzsituation","volume":"40","author":"STEINFELD A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4rztliche Praxis Kleintiere"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0580.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","first-page":"731","article-title":"Bacterial bronchopneumonia in the dog \u2010 a review of 42 cases","volume":"20","author":"THAYER G. W.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)33473-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"A review of the pathology and treatment of canine respiratory infections","volume":"3","author":"VIESON M. D.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Veterinary Medicine"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102694corr1","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,11]],"date-time":"2015-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428710400000}}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1136%2Fvr.102694","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1136\/vr.102694","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T11:37:24Z","timestamp":1761565044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1136\/vr.102694"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/vr.102694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/vr.102694","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-4900","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}}}