{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:21:57Z","timestamp":1784830917634,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,23]],"date-time":"2016-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Outbreaks of infectious canine hepatitis are described in red foxes (\n                    <jats:italic>Vulpes vulpes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) at two wildlife rescue centres in the UK. Disease occurred in two\u2010month\u2010old to four\u2010month\u2010old juvenile foxes, which were held in small enclosures in groups of three to eight animals. The foxes died or were euthanased after a short clinical course, sometimes including neurological signs and jaundice, with a high case fatality rate. Four red foxes submitted for postmortem examination had enlarged, congested livers, with rounded borders and mild accentuation of the lobular pattern. On histological examination, there was random, multifocal to massive hepatic necrosis, along with multifocal vasculitis in the central nervous system (CNS) and mild, multifocal glomerulonephritis. Intranuclear inclusion bodies, typical of canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV\u20101) infection, were present in hepatocytes, vascular endothelial cells in the CNS, renal glomeruli and renal tubular epithelial cells. CAV\u20101 was detected in tissues from affected foxes by PCR and sequencing. Congregation of juvenile foxes in wildlife rescue centres is likely to be a risk factor for transmission of CAV\u20101. Preventive measures in wildlife centres should be implemented to prevent the spread of the virus among conspecifics and to other susceptible species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,21]],"date-time":"2016-03-21T23:25:10Z","timestamp":1458602710000},"page":"421-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Infectious canine hepatitis in red foxes (\n                    <i>Vulpes vulpes<\/i>\n                    ) in wildlife rescue centres in the UK"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Edinburgh EH25 9RG UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Abbondati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Edinburgh EH25 9RG UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. L.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Services, SAC Consulting, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC) Edinburgh EH26 0QE UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. B. B.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Services, SAC Consulting, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC) Auchincruive Ayr KA6 5AE UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Pizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, National Wildlife Rescue Centre Fishcross Clackmannanshire FK10 3AN UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. P.","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Edinburgh EH25 9RG UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. W.","family":"Philbey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Edinburgh EH25 9RG UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-17.1.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Canine infectious hepatitis \u2010 fox encephalitis","volume":"124","author":"BAKER I. 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