{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:35:55Z","timestamp":1778279755728,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,13]],"date-time":"2017-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear production are commonly affected by general anaesthesia. It is necessary to have a good control of both to guarantee successful ophthalmic surgery. The purpose of this research was to evaluate if the protocol based on the administration of morphine\u2010alfaxalone\u2010midazolam as premedication, alfaxalone as induction and sevoflurane as maintenance, can induce changes on IOP and Schirmer's tear test (STT\u20101) in healthy dogs. Twenty\u2010two adult mixed\u2010breed dogs scheduled for an ovariohysterectomy were enrolled for the study. IOP and STT\u20101 were registered at baseline (T\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), 5 minutes (T\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), 10 minutes (T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and 15 minutes (T\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) after premedication with a morphine\u2010alfaxalone\u2010midazolam combination; 5 minutes (T\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) after induction with alfaxalone and 15 minutes (T\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and 25 minutes (T\n                    <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) after maintenance with sevoflurane. A one\u2010way analysis of variance was performed to analyse the difference between IOP and STT\u20101 over time, respectively. The present study shows a slightly statistically significant increase in IOP (P&lt;0.05) after premedication, induction and maintenance that can be associated with this anaesthetic protocol. STT\u20101 showed a statistically significant reduction during all the procedures (P&lt;0.001). These results should be taken into consideration, especially in dogs with damaged corneas, in those predisposed to glaucoma and in those due to undergo intraocular surgery. Ocular lubrication is necessary if this protocol is used.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]],"date-time":"2017-01-06T22:18:14Z","timestamp":1483741094000},"page":"474-474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Effects of morphine\u2010alfaxalone\u2010midazolam premedication, alfaxalone induction and sevoflurane maintenance on intraocular pressure and tear production in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Mayordomo\u2010Febrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera Alfara del Patriarca Valencia 46115 Espa\u00f1a"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera Alfara del Patriarca Valencia 46115 Espa\u00f1a"},{"name":"Garcia Cugat Foundation, CEU\u2010UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera Alfara del Patriarca Valencia 46115 Espa\u00f1a"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Gassent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera Alfara del Patriarca Valencia 46115 Espa\u00f1a"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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