{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:48:26Z","timestamp":1761648506252,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,3]],"date-time":"2018-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sciatic nerve damage in cattle could lead to pain, paralysis and lameness, creating welfare and productivity issues. Damage following intramuscular injection is highlighted in some clinical texts although there is no indication of prevalence. This cross\u2010sectional study investigated the anatomical size and position of the sciatic nerve in four dairy cattle type cadavers. To evaluate the risk of iatrogenic damage, 54 participants placed needles in the dorsal gluteal region of two cadavers each, as per their routine intramuscular injection method. The distance from needle tip to the sciatic nerve was estimated for each. Sixty\u2010nine per cent of injections were placed within 5\u2009cm of the sciatic nerve. Direct nerve puncture occurred in the cadaver in poorest body condition. A short questionnaire revealed that 70 per cent of the participants regularly used the dorsal gluteal region for intramuscular injection and 50 per cent commonly used a volume of \u226520\u2009mL at a single site. It is concluded that the sciatic nerve is at considerable risk of iatrogenic damage. The neck should be promoted as the optimum site for intramuscular injection and improved guidelines are required if the gluteal region is to remain in common use. A lateral site, between the tuber coxae and tuber ischium, is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,2]],"date-time":"2017-11-02T20:42:37Z","timestamp":1509655357000},"page":"140-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk of iatrogenic damage to the sciatic nerve in dairy cattle"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Rosanna M","family":"Kirkwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6745-845X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John G","family":"Remnant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard M","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan M","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AM Veterinary Consultancy Melton Mowbray UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5979-8016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendela","family":"Wapenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"560","volume-title":"Veterinary anatomy of domestic mammals","author":"K\u00d6NIG HE","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp 16","DOI":"10.1201\/9783842683594","volume-title":"Bovine anatomy","author":"Budras K\u2010D","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25594-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"210","volume-title":"Lameness in cattle","author":"Greenough PR","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"pp 691","volume-title":"Textbook of veterinary anatomy","author":"Dyce KM","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"p 547","volume-title":"Rebhun's diseases of dairy cattle","author":"Divers TJ","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"pp 118","volume-title":"Handbook of veterinary neurology","author":"Lorenz MD","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.1.0013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Drug therapy in nursing","author":"Aschenbrenner DS","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"617","article-title":"The effect of animal health products on the formation of injection site lesions in subprimals of experimentally injected beef calves","volume":"41","author":"Van Donkersgoed J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Evaluation of tissues response to intramuscular injection of long\u2010acting oxytetracycline","volume":"17","author":"Glock RD","year":"1995","journal-title":"Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103778"},{"volume-title":"Compendium of data sheets for animal medicines","year":"2016","author":"NOAH","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"202","article-title":"A study to investigate the use and application of BVDV vaccine in UK cattle","volume":"18","author":"Meadows D","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cattle Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vropen-2014-000042"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"806","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"18","author":"Elm E","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"journal-title":"Condition scoring of dairy cows","year":"2001","author":"DEFRA","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)74581-X"},{"journal-title":"Reducing injection site lesions. 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