{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:56:48Z","timestamp":1792083408846,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,9]],"date-time":"2019-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000848","name":"University of Edinburgh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R83537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R83537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000848","name":"University Of Edinburgh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A neurological syndrome of small ruminants, known locally as \u2018\n                    <jats:italic>ormilo<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019, has been reported among pastoralist livestock keepers in Tanzania. This study was carried out in four affected pastoral communities to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors, characterise the clinical signs and investigate the aetiology of the syndrome. Questionnaires were administered at all households (n=480) within four study villages. Overall, 94 per cent of households reported at least one case in the previous 12 months. By village, the individual\u2010level 12\u2010month period prevalence ranged from 11 per cent to 34 per cent, equivalent to about 10,000 small ruminants across the four villages. Thirty\u2010eight households were randomly selected for further investigation. Proprioceptive deficits and weakness were the most commonly observed clinical signs in affected animals. Brain and spinal cord cysts consistent with\n                    <jats:italic>Taenia multiceps<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection were detected in 32 (82 per cent) of 39 affected animals selected for postmortem examination. Feeding small ruminant brains to dogs was identified as an important risk factor for the syndrome, even in households that did not own dogs. This study confirms cerebral coenurosis as a major cause of small ruminant neurological disease in northern Tanzania and highlights the urgent need for further investigation to quantify the disease burden and to identify and implement control measures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T19:01:22Z","timestamp":1548442882000},"page":"191-191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["<i>Taenia multiceps<\/i>\n                    coenurosis in Tanzania: a major and under\u2010recognised livestock disease problem in pastoral communities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Ellen C","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tito K","family":"Kibona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Arusha Arusha Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A","family":"de Glanville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Lankester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan W","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosanne M F","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obed M","family":"Nyasebwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zonal Veterinary Centre, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Arusha Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R","family":"Claxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Cleaveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Arusha Arusha Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6612-889X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn J","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2006.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","volume-title":"Common Diseases of Sheep and Goats in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa","author":"Kusiluka L","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-015-0903-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2005.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2015.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.8719"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-017-2404-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","volume-title":"Environmental Change and the Vulnerability of Pastoralists to Drought: A Case Study of the Maasai in Amboseli, Kenya. 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