{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T13:21:50Z","timestamp":1781356910572,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,3]],"date-time":"2019-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Equine Research Funds of the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PJT-148807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-148807"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fonds du Centenaire of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neutrophilic inflammation is believed to contribute to the airway obstruction and remodelling in equine asthma. Azithromycin, an antibiotic with immunomodulatory properties, reduces pulmonary neutrophilia and hyper\u2010responsiveness in human asthmatics and decreases airway remodelling in rodent models of asthma. It was therefore hypothesised that azithromycin would improve lung function, mucus accumulation and central airway remodelling by decreasing luminal neutrophilia in severe equine asthma. The effects of a 10\u2010day treatment with either azithromycin or ceftiofur, an antimicrobial without immune\u2010modulating activity, were assessed using a blind, randomised, crossover design with six severe asthmatic horses in clinical exacerbation. Lung function, tracheal mucus accumulation, tracheal wash bacteriology, bronchial remodelling, airway neutrophilia and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)\u20108, IL\u201017A, IL\u20101\u03b2, tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were evaluated. Azithromycin decreased the expression of IL\u20108 (P=0.03, one\u2010tailed) and IL\u20101\u03b2 (P=0.047, one\u2010tailed) but failed to improve the other variables evaluated. Ceftiofur had no effect on any parameter. The reduction of neutrophilic chemoattractants (IL\u20108, IL\u20101\u03b2) justifies further efforts to investigate the effects of a prolonged treatment with macrolides on airway neutrophilia and remodelling. The lack of efficacy of ceftiofur suggests that severe equine asthma should not be treated with antibiotics at first\u2010line therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T17:25:17Z","timestamp":1564680317000},"page":"143-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Randomised study of the immunomodulatory effects of azithromycin in severely asthmatic horses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4768-6674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Mainguy\u2010Seers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al St\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandine","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al St\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Labrecque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'epidemiosurveillance animale du Quebec Saint\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"B\u00e9dard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al St\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"H\u00e9lie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al St\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4655-2102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean\u2010Pierre","family":"Lavoie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al St\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13824"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02033.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516402776767277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"Myeloperoxidase concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from healthy horses and those with recurrent airway obstruction","volume":"70","author":"Art T","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0033OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12550"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2007.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02838.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0363OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00156.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S146625231800004X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00078-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-202698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200707-1134OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200212-1437OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/265714","article-title":"Azithromycin inhibits mucus hypersecretion from airway epithelial cells","volume":"2012","author":"Shimizu T","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.6.9196110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2015.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2011.01351.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1870"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1992.53.09.1652"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164044864525"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154755"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02231.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00135.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-017-0689-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-12-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14556"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.01.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2007.28.2958"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-3056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000196514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31281-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00093913"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/2853"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02837.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142622"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2013.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-10-29"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"The effects of erythromycin on human peripheral neutrophil apoptosis","volume":"38","author":"Inamura K","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01052-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000196450"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00118404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000358366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.8.1688"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02067-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2012.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2015.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.14.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-014-1605-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1997.tb03129.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1998.tb04523.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","first-page":"184","article-title":"Does antimicrobial therapy improve outcomes in horses with severe equine asthma and a positive tracheal wash bacterial culture?","volume":"82","author":"Husulak ML","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1136%2Fvr.105260","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1136\/vr.105260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T06:48:51Z","timestamp":1761634131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1136\/vr.105260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/vr.105260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/vr.105260","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-4900","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}}}