{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:53:39Z","timestamp":1787313219539,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]],"date-time":"2020-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010712","name":"Agricultural and Horticultural Development Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010712","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/M011186\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/M011186\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is a painful infectious foot disease of cattle, and much evidence implicates a pathogenic role for treponemes. This study measured the survival of BDD treponemes on hoof knife blades and tested the efficacy of relevant disinfectants under laboratory conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two strains of BDD treponemes were applied to hoof knife blades under aerobic conditions. Swabs were taken at different time points (10 minutes, one hour, two hours, four hours and 18\u2009hours) and again after 20\u2010second disinfection time with one of five disinfectants. Swabs were used directly for nested PCR to detect treponemes or inoculated for anaerobic growth, and subsequently examined using phase contrast microscopy and PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      BDD treponeme DNA was detectable by nested PCR at all survival time points, and these organisms were culturable from hoof knives for two hours after exposure under aerobic conditions in the laboratory. Three of the five disinfectants\u20141 per cent volume per volume (v\/v) FAM30\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 2 per cent weight per volume (w\/v) Virkon\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      or 2 per cent (v\/v) sodium hypochlorite\u2014were effective at preventing visible growth of treponemes following 20\u2010seconds contact, and 1 per cent (v\/v) FAM30\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      also prevented detection of treponemes by PCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treponeme viability of two hours under aerobic conditions suggests BDD treponemes could be transmitted between cows on hoof knives. It is therefore important to apply a disinfection protocol during foot\u2010trimming; the authors have identified three common disinfectants that may be suitable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T17:19:27Z","timestamp":1574183967000},"page":"67-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Survival of bovine digital dermatitis treponemes on hoof knife blades and the effects of various disinfectants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"186","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0017-3388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool Neston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart D","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool Neston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger W","family":"Blowey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wood Veterinary Group Gloucester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool Neston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3463-3469.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00320-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01914-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102269"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(98)00132-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1102.040746"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555819682","volume-title":"Antisepsis, disinfection and sterilization: types, action, and resistance","author":"McDonnell GE","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104228"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1136%2Fvr.105406","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1136\/vr.105406","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T09:44:09Z","timestamp":1761558249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1136\/vr.105406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/vr.105406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/vr.105406","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-4900","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}}}