{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:17:31Z","timestamp":1791199051876,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,16]],"date-time":"2019-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to describe bacteria isolated from the reproductive tract of mares and to identify changes in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to those antibiotics commonly used for the treatment of equine endometritis. A total of 4122 equine uterine swabs were collected from mares suffering from reproductive tract disorders in the period 2010\u20132017. Aerobic culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using agar disc diffusion were performed on each sample. Aerobic bacteria were isolated from 3171 of 4122 (76.9 per cent) samples. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (885\/3171, 27.9 per cent) and\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus equi<\/jats:italic>\n                    subspecies\n                    <jats:italic>zooepidemicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (791\/3171, 24.9 per cent), confirming previous findings from the literature. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of\n                    <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S equi<\/jats:italic>\n                    subspecies\n                    <jats:italic>zooepidemicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    changed over time. A statistically significant decrease in antimicrobial efficacy of cefquinome against\n                    <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was observed over the years, as well as of ampicillin, cefquinome and penicillin against\n                    <jats:italic>S equi<\/jats:italic>\n                    subspecies\n                    <jats:italic>zooepidemicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The high frequency of resistant bacteria isolated in the present work proceeds in the same way as indicated by surveillance data on the huge antibiotic use in Italy. As a result, testing and monitoring programmes of antimicrobial efficacy are crucial to consciously using antibiotics and preserving their effectiveness both for veterinary and human medicine.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T17:25:34Z","timestamp":1565717134000},"page":"598-598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Temporal efficacy of antimicrobials against aerobic bacteria isolated from equine endometritis: an Italian retrospective analysis (2010\u20132017)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Pisello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Rampacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9621-3315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Stefanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Beccati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doreene Rose","family":"Hyatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Coletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8773-838X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Passamonti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.198.010.1745"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.05.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(86)90168-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0850187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Factors affecting phagocytosis of bacteria by neutrophils in the mare's uterus","volume":"32","author":"Asbury AC","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(86)90110-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(99)00139-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1988.193.01.72","article-title":"Clinical significance of aerobic bacterial flora of the uterus, vagina, vestibule, and clitoral fossa of clinically normal mares","volume":"193","author":"Hinrichs K","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"Role of anaerobic bacteria in equine endometritis","volume":"35","author":"Ricketts SW","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","article-title":"Culture and sensitivity of aerobic bacteria isolated from mares suffering from reproductive disorders","author":"Dhingra PN","year":"1987","journal-title":"Indian J Anim Sci India"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","article-title":"Microaerobic and anaerobic bacteria in equine endometritis","volume":"13","author":"Langoni H","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pferdeheilkunde"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-44-121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/AVet.51.2003.1.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2009.01485.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.1995.tb00730.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.7.977"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/8529-VETMED"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02739.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/inpract.11.3.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from pets and horses","volume":"92","author":"Sternberg S","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102708"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.04.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"951","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from horses from the Atlantic provinces, Canada (1994 to 2013)","volume":"59","author":"Awosile BB","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can Vet J Rev Veterinaire Can"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","article-title":"Hendricks Katherine em. endometrial microbial isolates are associated with different ultrasonographic and endometrial cytology findings in thoroughbred mares","volume":"121","author":"Burleson MD","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"234","volume-title":"Equine reproduction","author":"Ricketts SW","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","unstructured":"WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance World Health Organization.Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine: ranking of antimicrobial agents for risk management of antimicrobial resistance due to non\u2010human use 2017. Available:http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/255027\/1\/9789241512220\u2010eng.pdf[Accessed 30 Jan 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","volume-title":"Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 26 EU\/EEA countries in 2013. (EMA\/387934\/2015)","author":"European Medicines Agency","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1136%2Fvr.105413","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1136\/vr.105413","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T07:39:50Z","timestamp":1761637190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1136\/vr.105413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/vr.105413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/vr.105413","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-4900","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}}}