{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:37:45Z","timestamp":1787017065587,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,26]],"date-time":"2003-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1059177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The medical records of 53 horses with purpura haemorrhagica were reviewed. Seventeen of them had been exposed to or infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus equi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , nine had been infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , five had been vaccinated with\n                    <jats:italic>S equi<\/jats:italic>\n                    M protein, five had had a respiratory infection of unknown aetiology, and two had open wounds; the other 15 cases had no history of recent viral or bacterial infection. The horses were between six months and 19 years of age (mean 8\u20104 years). The predominant clinical signs were well demarcated subcutaneous oedema of all four limbs and haemorrhages on the visible mucous membranes; other signs included depression, anorexia, fever, tachycardia, tachypnoea, reluctance to move, drainage from lymph nodes, exudation of serum from the skin, colic, epistaxis and weight loss. Haematological and biochemical abnormalities commonly detected were anaemia, neutrophilia, hyperproteinaemia, hyperfibrinogenaemia, hyperglobulinaemia and high activities of muscle enzymes. All of the horses were treated with corticosteroids; 42 also received non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs and 26 received antimicrobial drugs. Selected cases received special nursing care, including hydrotherapy and bandaging of the limbs. Most of the horses were treated for more than seven days and none of them relapsed. Forty\u2010nine of the horses survived, one died and three were euthanased, either because their severe clinical disease failed to respond to treatment or because they developed secondary complications. Two of the four non\u2010survivors had been vaccinated against\n                    <jats:italic>S equi<\/jats:italic>\n                    with a product containing the M protein, one had a\n                    <jats:italic>S equi<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection and the other had a respiratory infection of undetermined aetiology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.153.4.118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,8]],"date-time":"2010-10-08T13:44:05Z","timestamp":1286545445000},"page":"118-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Purpura haemorrhagica in 53 horses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Pusterla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA 95616 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA 95616 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. K.","family":"Affolter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA 95616 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. G.","family":"Magdesian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA 95616 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. D.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA 95616 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. P.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA 95616 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.209.04.804","article-title":"Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in horses: 538 cases (1982\u20101993)","volume":"209","author":"ALEMAN M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Studies on equine purpura haemorrhagica. 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