{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T08:58:57Z","timestamp":1780477137835,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,29]],"date-time":"2008-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1206748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000277","name":"DEFRA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SE1788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SE1788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000277","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In most sheep infected with a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (\n                    <jats:sc>tse<\/jats:sc>\n                    ) the disease\u2010associated prion protein (PrP\n                    <jats:sup>d<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) accumulates in tissues of the lymphoreticular system, suggesting that it might be detected in biopsy specimens. A procedure has been developed to obtain biopsy specimens of rectal mucosa in which PrP\n                    <jats:sup>d<\/jats:sup>\n                    has been detected by immunohistochemistry in preclinically infected sheep of all susceptible PrP genotypes. It is probable that PrP\n                    <jats:sup>d<\/jats:sup>\n                    increases with the age of sheep or period of incubation. PrP\n                    <jats:sup>d<\/jats:sup>\n                    was detectable approximately halfway through the incubation period, with sheep of some PrP genotypes showing positive results earlier than others. For a preclinical diagnosis, the risk of a false negative result was approximately 9 per cent for samples containing 10 follicles, a figure that was reached in 87 per cent of the biopsies. The rectal biopsies had the same sensitivity and time of onset of PrP\n                    <jats:sup>d<\/jats:sup>\n                    accumulation as biopsies of the palatine tonsil, but provided larger numbers of follicles. The procedure is simple and quick, does not require dedicated specific instruments, sedation or general anaesthesia, and can be performed repeatedly on the same sheep without detrimental effects to either the animal or the number of follicles obtained.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.162.13.397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,5]],"date-time":"2010-10-05T17:36:25Z","timestamp":1286300185000},"page":"397-403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Diagnosis of preclinical scrapie in live sheep by the immunohistochemical examination of rectal biopsies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Laboratories Agency \u2014 Lasswade Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan Midlothian EH26 0PZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. P.","family":"Dagleish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moredun Research Institute Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan Midlothian EH26 0PZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Laboratories Agency \u2014 Lasswade Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan Midlothian EH26 0PZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Dexter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Laboratories Agency \u2014 Weybridge Addlestone Surrey KT15 3NB"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moredun Research Institute Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan Midlothian EH26 0PZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Finlayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moredun Research Institute Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan Midlothian EH26 0PZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jeffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Laboratories Agency \u2014 Lasswade Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan Midlothian EH26 0PZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-305X(91)90033-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-12-3115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.157.7.206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2005.00683.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"EspenesA.PressC. M. C. L.GunnesG.AleksandersenM.UlvundM. J.LandsverkT.(2003)PrPScin rectal lymphoid tissue of sheep experimentally infected with scrapie.Proceedings of the Conference on Methods for Control of Scrapie.Oslo Norway May 15 to 16 2003. p47"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Diseases of Sheep","author":"Fraser H.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.158.10.325"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.156.26.846-b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jcpa.2001.0516"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.15.3.959"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-11-2897"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jcpa.2001.0476"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80364-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.3.1505-1512.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.9.3254-3259.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.142.18.489"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/381563a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.142.21.564"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870601800605"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.152.13.387"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.150.4.97","article-title":"Evaluation of peripheral lymphoreticular biopsy techniques and their clinical side effects in sheep","volume":"150","author":"Thuring C. 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