{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T12:57:05Z","timestamp":1761569825110,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,16]],"date-time":"2008-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1203120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mitogen\u2010 and antigen\u2010induced interferon\u2010\u03b3 (\n                    <jats:sc>ifn<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010\u03b3) responses of peripheral blood leucocytes from cervids were evaluated by a commercial whole\u2010blood assay. The assay was applied to\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected white\u2010tailed deer and reindeer,\n                    <jats:italic>M bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sc>bcg<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010vaccinated white\u2010tailed deer and elk, and unvaccinated, uninfected white\u2010tailed deer, fallow deer, elk and reindeer. The responses of the\n                    <jats:italic>M bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected white\u2010tailed deer to pokeweed mitogen (\n                    <jats:sc>pwm<\/jats:sc>\n                    ) varied with time and between individuals. The responses of the\n                    <jats:italic>M bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected reindeer to\n                    <jats:sc>pwm<\/jats:sc>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>M bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    purified protein derivative (\n                    <jats:sc>ppd<\/jats:sc>\n                    ) were positively associated. Samples from tuberculosis\u2010free captive herds in various parts of the\n                    <jats:sc>usa<\/jats:sc>\n                    were also evaluated. Four per cent of fallow deer, 20 per cent of elk, 44 per cent of white\u2010tailed deer, and 91 per cent of reindeer had responses to\n                    <jats:sc>pwm<\/jats:sc>\n                    exceeding 0\u00b725 \u0394 optical density, that is,\n                    <jats:sc>pwm<\/jats:sc>\n                    stimulation minus no stimulation. The specificity of the responses to\n                    <jats:italic>M bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sc>ppd<\/jats:sc>\n                    and a\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex\u2010specific antigen r\n                    <jats:sc>esat\u20106:cfp\u201010<\/jats:sc>\n                    , excluding animals not responding to\n                    <jats:sc>pwm<\/jats:sc>\n                    , ranged from 78 per cent to 100 per cent and was dependent upon the species and the positive response cut\u2010off value. The results show that the commercial assay is valid for the detection of\n                    <jats:sc>tb<\/jats:sc>\n                    in reindeer; however, further development of the assay will be required before it is used in surveillance programmes for white\u2010tailed deer, fallow deer, and elk.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.162.7.203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,5]],"date-time":"2010-10-05T17:36:25Z","timestamp":1286300185000},"page":"203-208","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Blood culture and stimulation conditions for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cervids by the Cervigam assay"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"W. R.","family":"Waters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Project"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. V.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Project"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. C.","family":"Thacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Project"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Orloski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Tuberculosis Eradication Program Veterinary Services"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Nol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Wildlife Research Center Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), USDA Fort Collins CO 80521 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. P.","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield Canadian Food Inspection Agency Ottawa Ontario K2H 8P9 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. C.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brucellosis Research Project"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. J.","family":"Nonnecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periparturient Diseases of Cattle Research Project National Animal Disease Center Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Ames Iowa 50010 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Tuberculosis in captive deer","volume":"14","author":"Baska D. 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