{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:41:39Z","timestamp":1791182499260,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between different pathogens in the development of pneumonia and bronchopneumonia in pigs. Samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 100 pigs showing no clinical signs and 239 pigs with clinical signs of respiratory disease were examined for\n                    <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hyorhinis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:sc>us<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010type porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (\n                    <jats:sc>prrsv<\/jats:sc>\n                    ),\n                    <jats:sc>eu<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010type\n                    <jats:sc>prrsv<\/jats:sc>\n                    , porcine circovirus type 2 (\n                    <jats:sc>pcv\u20102<\/jats:sc>\n                    ), influenza virus type A, \u03b1\u2010haemolytic\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, \u03b2\u2010haemolytic\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species,\n                    <jats:italic>Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Bordetella bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Haemophilus parasuis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These potential pathogens were detected more frequently in the pigs with respiratory problems than in the pigs with no clinical signs.\n                    <jats:sc>pcv\u20102<\/jats:sc>\n                    and \u03b1\u2010haemolytic streptococci were the pathogens most frequently detected;\n                    <jats:italic>A pleuropneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    was isolated in only two cases. There were more often associations between the organisms in the pigs with clinical signs than in the healthy pigs. In particular, \u03b1\u2010haemolytic streptococci and\n                    <jats:italic>M hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    were both associated with the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>M hyorhinis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:sc>eu<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010type\n                    <jats:sc>prrsv<\/jats:sc>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>P multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>B bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and \u03b1\u2010haemolytic streptococci also occurred more often in pigs that were already infected with other pathogens.\n                    <jats:italic>P multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>B bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic>\n                    were both significantly associated with\n                    <jats:italic>M hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , \u03b1\u2010haemolytic streptococci,\n                    <jats:sc>eu<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010type\n                    <jats:sc>prrsv<\/jats:sc>\n                    and\n                    <jats:sc>us<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010type\n                    <jats:sc>prrsv<\/jats:sc>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.162.9.267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,5]],"date-time":"2010-10-05T17:36:25Z","timestamp":1286300185000},"page":"267-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Associations between pathogens in healthy pigs and pigs with pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Palzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ritzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Infectious and Epidemic Diseases Ludwig\u2010Maximilians University Sonnenstrasse 16 85764 Oberschleissheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Heinritzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.204.01.102","article-title":"Interaction of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida infections in swine","volume":"204","author":"Amass S. 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