{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T23:52:11Z","timestamp":1785023531384,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,14]],"date-time":"2010-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1281744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Representative repeated cross\u2010sectional skin testing for bovine tuberculosis (TB) was conducted over a period of three years in a total of 5377 cattle in three randomly selected woredas (districts) in Ethiopia (Meskan, Woldia and Bako\u2010Gazer) that had never previously been tested for TB. Almost all (99 per cent) of the animals included local zebus kept in traditional husbandry systems. The comparative intradermal tuberculin test with two diagnostic thresholds were used to define positive test results, one according to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) recommended cut\u2010off of more than 4\u00a0mm, and the other with a cut\u2010off of &gt;2\u00a0mm. Data analysis was performed using a logistic regression model with a random effect at the village level. Applying the OIE definition, the overall representative apparent prevalence of bovine TB in skin test\u2010positive local zebus was 0.9 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval [CI] 0.6 to 1.3 per cent). Using a cut\u2010off of more than 2\u00a0mm the overall representative prevalence increased to 4 per cent (95 per cent CI 2.4 to 4.8 per cent). Due to the low apparent prevalence, the true prevalence could be calculated only in Meskan (4.5 per cent) and Bako\u2010Gazer (2.4 per cent) for the more than 2\u00a0mm cutoff. With the exception of Meskan, prevalence by woreda did not change significantly over the years.\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    reactor animals were found at all study sites, but there were significant geographical variations. Overall, bulls and oxen were more at risk of being positive reactors (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95 per cent CI 1.1 to 2.3; OR 2, 95 per cent CI 1.4 to 2.6, respectively), as were animals in good body condition (OR 2, 95 per cent CI 1.5 to 2.9). Similar results were found at woreda level with the exception of Woldia, where none of the analysed variables was significantly associated with a positive test result.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c3381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,5]],"date-time":"2010-10-05T17:52:18Z","timestamp":1286301138000},"page":"250-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Repeated cross\u2010sectional skin testing for bovine tuberculosis in cattle kept in a traditional husbandry system in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Tschopp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute CH\u20104002 Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Schelling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute CH\u20104002 Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hattendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute CH\u20104002 Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Imperial College London SW7 2AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Aseffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI\/ALERT) PO Box 1005 Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Zinsstag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute CH\u20104002 Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2002.00513.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bovine tuberculosis: prevalence and risk factor assessment in cattle and cattle owners in Wuchale\u2010Jida district, Central Ethiopia","volume":"1","author":"Ameni G.","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00205-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00114-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:TROP.0000040934.32330.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"924","article-title":"Bovine tuberculosis: an old disease but a new threat to Africa","volume":"8","author":"Ayele W. 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