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Part 1\u00a0involved 85 repeat breeders and 85 controls subjected to AI alone. In part 2, 128 repeat breeders received AI on day 0 plus an embryo transfer seven days later, while controls received embryo transfer alone on day 7. In repeat breeders, the interval between calving and pregnancy was 80\u00a0days longer than in the controls (P=0.01), irrespective of previous fertility treatment which had mainly focused on the ovaries. The incidence of dystocia was similar in repeat breeders and in controls, but repeat breeders had a higher previous incidence of moderate uterine infection compared with controls (P=0.04). In repeat breeder cows, pregnancy rates for AI alone were 30 per cent after the fourth AI (controls: 45 to 64 per cent after one to three inseminations) compared with 52.6 per cent after a fourth AI with embryo transfer (controls with embryo transfer alone: 49 per cent). Successful pregnancies after a fourth AI plus embryo transfer produced a 6.25 per cent incidence of twins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c3544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,5]],"date-time":"2010-10-05T17:52:18Z","timestamp":1286301138000},"page":"44-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Predisposition to repeat breeding in UK cattle and success of artificial insemination alone or in combination with embryo transfer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Canu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Science University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston Wirral CH64 7TE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Boland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Willows Veterinary Group 267 Chester Road Hartford Cheshire CW8 1LP"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. 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