{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:17:55Z","timestamp":1784830675694,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,9]],"date-time":"2011-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Macroscopic renal calculi were seen in 50 of 492 (10.2 per cent) wild Eurasian otters found dead in England from 1988 to 2007. Forty\u2010eight adults and two subadults were affected. Calculi were present in 15.7 per cent (31 of 197) of adult males and 12.7 per cent (17 of 134) of adult females. There was an increase in prevalence in the study population over time; no calculi were found in 73 otters examined between 1988 and 1996, but in most subsequent years they were observed with increased frequency. Calculi occurred in both kidneys but were more common in the right kidney. They varied greatly in shape and size; larger calculi were mostly seen in the calyces while the smallest ones were commonly found in the renal medulla. Calculi from 45 cases were examined by x\u2010ray diffraction analysis; in 43 (96 per cent), they were composed solely of ammonium acid urate. Affected otters had heavier adrenal glands relative to their body size than unaffected otters (P&lt;0.001). There was no significant association between body condition index and the presence of calculi (P&gt;0.05). Many otters had fresh bite wounds consistent with intraspecific aggression. The proportion bitten increased over time and this coincided with the increased prevalence of renal calculi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d1929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,16]],"date-time":"2011-06-16T00:50:37Z","timestamp":1308185437000},"page":"49-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Renal calculi in wild Eurasian otters (\n                    <i>Lutra lutra<\/i>\n                    ) in England"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"V. R.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Veterinary Investigation Centre, Chacewater Truro Cornwall TR4 8PB"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Veterinary Investigation Centre, Chacewater Truro Cornwall TR4 8PB"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. M.","family":"Molenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Veterinary Investigation Centre, Chacewater Truro Cornwall TR4 8PB"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Veterinary Investigation Centre, Chacewater Truro Cornwall TR4 8PB"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. D.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cranfield Forensic Institute Cranfield University Shrivenham Campus Swindon Wiltshire SN6 8LA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.1430070305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Veterinary care of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) at the Otter Breeding Centre of Hunawihr (France)","volume":"24","author":"Capber F.","year":"2007","journal-title":"IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"CrawfordA.(2003) Fourth Otter Survey of England 2000\u20102002. 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B.","year":"1999","journal-title":"IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"503","volume-title":"Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals","author":"Maxie M. G.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"798","volume-title":"Canine and Feline Nephrology and Urology","author":"Osborne C. A.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Evaluation of urinary and serum metabolites in Asian small\u2010clawed otters (Aonyx cinerea) with calcium oxalate urolithiasis.","volume":"30","author":"Petrini K. R.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-011-0513-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"Dissertation for degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences","author":"Ruff K.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.141.8.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First Otter Toxicology Conference","author":"Simpson V. R.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.158.4.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","unstructured":"SimpsonV. R.(2007) Health Status of Otters in Southern and South West England 1996\u20132003. Science Report SCO10064\/SR1. 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Tier\u00e4rztliche Hochschule Hannover Germany"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1136%2Fvr.d1929","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1136\/vr.d1929","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T12:15:05Z","timestamp":1761567305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1136\/vr.d1929"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/vr.d1929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/vr.d1929","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-4900","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}}}