{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T21:33:43Z","timestamp":1789421623623,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652659200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Jnl Ped Surgery"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To establish reference intervals (RIs) for fetal and neonatal small and large intestinal lengths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Linear measurements on small and large intestines were made upon postmortem examination of 131 preterm and term infants with gestational ages between 13 and 41 weeks. All cases were referred from the Eastern Ontario and Western Qu\u00e9bec regions to a tertiary care hospital. Age and sex partitions were considered and RI limits were estimated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data consisted of 72 male (54.96%) and 59 female (45.04%) fetuses and neonates with mean gestational age of 25.6 weeks. Results showed that small and large intestinal lengths increased linearly with gestational age. RIs for small intestinal length (cm) of fetuses and neonates aged 13\u201320 weeks were (21.1, 122.4); of those aged 21\u201328 weeks were (57.7, 203.8); of those aged 29\u201336 weeks were (83.6, 337.1); and of those aged 37\u201341 weeks were (132.8, 406.4). RIs for large intestinal length (cm) of fetuses and neonates from the same four age groups were (5.1, 21.4), (12.7, 39.7), (32.4, 62.4), and (29.1, 82.2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Establishing accurate RIs for premature and term infants has clinical relevance for pathologists performing postmortem analysis and for surgeons planning postoperative management of patients. The results of this study reaffirm that fetal small and large intestinal lengths increase linearly with gestational age irrespective of sex. Future studies should aim to further investigate the role of possible confounders on growth of fetal intestinal length, including maternal factors such as age and substance use during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/wjps-2021-000397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T13:26:17Z","timestamp":1653312377000},"page":"e000397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Establishing normal ranges for fetal and neonatal small and large intestinal lengths: results from a prospective postmortem study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Cameron","family":"Bardwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"El Demellawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Oltean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amisha","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jemila S","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepti","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Barrowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"de Nanassy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1980.02130180051015"},{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.11.1321"},{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000087761"},{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.2350\/11-07-1057-OA.1","article-title":"Development of fetal intestinal length during 2nd-trimester in normal and pathologic pregnancies","volume":"15","author":"Marnerides","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.128029"},{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.116822"},{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000084645"},{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.81"},{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(83)80011-6"},{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.10","first-page":"132","article-title":"Short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure: diagnosis and therapy","volume":"38","author":"Pape","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aktuel Ernahrungsmed"},{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2016.58"},{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/590143"},{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.08.007","article-title":"Congenital short bowel syndrome: from clinical and genetic diagnosis to the molecular mechanisms involved in intestinal elongation","volume":"1852","author":"van der Werf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease"},{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2017-000074","article-title":"Laboratory reference intervals in the assessment of iron status in young children","volume":"1","author":"Parkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open"},{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10024-004-7084-0"},{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10024-002-1117-3"},{"key":"2025081810022498000_5.3.e000397.17","first-page":"337","article-title":"International Federation of clinical chemistry (IFCC), scientific Committee, clinical section, expert panel on theory of reference values, and International Committee for standardization in haematology (ICSH), standing Committee on reference values. 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