{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:14:07Z","timestamp":1793045647204,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":89,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["F32DK131792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32DK131792"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Jnl Ped Surgery"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The enteric nervous system (ENS) consists of a network of neurons and glia that control numerous complex functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital disorder characterized by the absence of ENS along variable lengths of distal intestine due to failure of neural crest-derived cells to colonize the distal intestine during embryonic development. A patient with HSCR usually presents with severe constipation in the neonatal period and is diagnosed by rectal suction biopsy, followed by pull-through procedure to surgically remove the affected segment and reconnect the proximal ganglionated intestine to the anus. Outcomes after pull-through surgery are suboptimal and many patients suffer from ongoing issues of dysmotility and bowel dysfunction, suggesting there is room for optimizing the management of this disease. This review focuses on discussing the recent advances to better understand HSCR and leverage them for more accurate and potentially less invasive diagnosis. We also discuss the potential future management of HSCR, particularly cell-based approaches for the treatment of HSCR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/wjps-2024-000860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T02:38:59Z","timestamp":1743475139000},"page":"e000860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Current and future state of the management of Hirschsprung disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1829-0141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica L","family":"Mueller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Hotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2022.151157"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0897-4_3"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271021"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/hp.1999.07.153"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2017.01.006"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-004-1023-2"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4335","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.21.4335","article-title":"The sacral neural crest contributes neurons and glia to the post-umbilical gut: spatiotemporal analysis of the development of the enteric nervous system","volume":"125","author":"Burns","year":"1998","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.002"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24059"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1239-15.2015"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12054"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2016.03.032"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-012-3117-3","article-title":"Total colonic aganglionosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term clinical outcome","volume":"28","author":"Laughlin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.03.019","article-title":"The utility of the contrast enema in neonates with suspected Hirschsprung disease","volume":"50","author":"Putnam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(96)90136-0","article-title":"Abnormal internal anal sphincter innervation in patients with Hirschsprung\u2019s disease and allied disorders","volume":"31","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2016.09.027","article-title":"Diagnostic value of rectal suction biopsies using calretinin immunohistochemical staining in Hirschsprung\u2019s disease","volume":"51","author":"Tran","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000486","article-title":"Pediatric enteric neuropathies: diagnosis and current management","volume":"29","author":"Westfal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000089854.00436.cd","article-title":"One-stage transanal Soave pullthrough for Hirschsprung disease: a multicenter experience with 141 children","volume":"238","author":"Langer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM194910132411501"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800531204","article-title":"Hirschsprung\u2019s disease. Technique and results of Soave\u2019s operation","volume":"53","author":"Yancey-Soave","year":"1966","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02616871"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1593991","article-title":"European Paediatric Surgeons\u2019 Association Survey on the Management of Hirschsprung Disease","volume":"27","author":"Zani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.23","first-page":"729","article-title":"Long-term results of transanal pull-through for Hirschsprung\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Zimmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.02.006","article-title":"A population-based, complete follow-up of 146 consecutive patients after transanal mucosectomy for Hirschsprung disease","volume":"50","author":"Neuvonen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04750.x","article-title":"Long\u2010term continence after surgery for Hirschsprung\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Catto\u2010Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastro Hepatol"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182018542"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1038325"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001695","article-title":"Bowel Function and Quality of Life After Transanal Endorectal Pull-through for Hirschsprung Disease: Controlled Outcomes up to Adulthood","volume":"265","author":"Neuvonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2012.07.008"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-017-4066-7","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of postoperative obstructive symptoms in children with Hirschsprung disease","volume":"33","author":"Langer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(99)90588-2"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.10.028","article-title":"Probiotic prophylaxis after pullthrough for Hirschsprung disease to reduce incidence of enterocolitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial","volume":"48","author":"El-Sawaf","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2008.02.039"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2012.07.006"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-015-3742-8","article-title":"Rectal suction biopsy for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung\u2019s disease: a systematic review of diagnostic accuracy and complications","volume":"31","author":"Friedmacher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.200710016","article-title":"Spectral imaging for precise surgical intervention in Hirschsprung\u2019s disease","volume":"1","author":"Frykman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biophotonics"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.41.000805"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e611","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12035","article-title":"Full\u2010field optical coherence microscopy is a novel technique for imaging enteric ganglia in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"24","author":"Coron","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterology Motil"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04593-9","article-title":"Visualizing enteric nervous system activity through dye-free dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography","volume":"6","author":"Durand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.09.001","article-title":"In vivo imaging of enteric neuronal networks in humans using confocal laser endomicroscopy","volume":"143","author":"Sumiyama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.02.011","article-title":"Ultra high frequency ultrasonography to distinguish ganglionic from aganglionic bowel wall in Hirschsprung disease: A first report","volume":"56","author":"Gran\u00e9li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.10.001"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-023-05590-z","article-title":"Enhancing diagnosis of Hirschsprung\u2019s disease using deep learning from histological sections of post pull-through specimens: preliminary results","volume":"40","author":"Duci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82869-y","article-title":"Automatic ganglion cell detection for improving the efficiency and accuracy of hirschprung disease diagnosis","volume":"11","author":"Greenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1706594"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0718-x","article-title":"\u201cToo much guts and not enough brains\u201d: (epi)genetic mechanisms and future therapies of Hirschsprung disease - a review","volume":"11","author":"Jaroy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1998.8876"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1998.8955"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1004(200005)15:5<418::AID-HUMU3>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2018.07.019","article-title":"Noncoding RET variants explain the strong association with Hirschsprung disease in patients without rare coding sequence variant","volume":"62","author":"Virtanen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Med Genet"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2016.06.017","article-title":"Epigenetics in ENS development and Hirschsprung disease","volume":"417","author":"Torroglosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2014.04.013","article-title":"HOXB5 binds to multi-species conserved sequence (MCS+9.7) of RET gene and regulates RET expression","volume":"51","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09982-5","article-title":"CUT&Tag for efficient epigenomic profiling of small samples and single cells","volume":"10","author":"Kaya-Okur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0206-z"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2014.08.002","article-title":"Enteric neuron imbalance and proximal dysmotility in ganglionated intestine of the Sox10Dom\/+ Hirschsprung mouse model","volume":"1","author":"Musser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12083"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.094565"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.035"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-005-0051-z"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.06.038"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2016.08.035","article-title":"Optimizing neurogenic potential of enteric neurospheres for treatment of neurointestinal diseases","volume":"206","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.02.048"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2017.4","article-title":"Postnatal human enteric neuronal progenitors can migrate, differentiate, and proliferate in embryonic and postnatal aganglionic gut environments","volume":"81","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12635","article-title":"Endoscopic delivery of enteric neural stem cells to treat Hirschsprung disease","volume":"27","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9636897231215233","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897231215233","article-title":"Isolation, Expansion, and Endoscopic Delivery of Autologous Enteric Neuronal Stem Cells in Swine","volume":"32","author":"Hotta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.02.048"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI65963"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12744"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46793-9","article-title":"Autologous cell transplantation for treatment of colorectal aganglionosis in mice","volume":"15","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.02.003"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093605","article-title":"In Vivo Transplantation of Neurosphere-Like Bodies Derived from the Human Postnatal and Adult Enteric Nervous System: A Pilot Study","volume":"9","author":"Hetz","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00857"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.02.016","article-title":"Delivery of enteric neural progenitors with 5-HT4 agonist-loaded nanoparticles and thermosensitive hydrogel enhances cell proliferation and differentiation following transplantation in vivo","volume":"88","author":"Hotta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2014.12.013","article-title":"Enabling nanomaterial, nanofabrication and cellular technologies for nanoneuromedicines","volume":"11","author":"Mallapragada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanomedicine (Chichester)"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2016.12.013","article-title":"Exposure to GDNF Enhances the Ability of Enteric Neural Progenitors to Generate an Enteric Nervous System","volume":"8","author":"McKeown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1093\/stcltm\/szae013","article-title":"Agrin Inhibition in Enteric Neural Stem Cells Enhances Their Migration Following Colonic Transplantation","volume":"13","author":"Mueller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.01.061","article-title":"Transplanted skin-derived precursor stem cells generate enteric ganglion-like structures in vivo","volume":"49","author":"Wagner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.09.075","article-title":"Autologous Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursor Cells in a Porcine Model","volume":"55","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2020.03.006","article-title":"Human skin-derived precursor cells xenografted in aganglionic bowel","volume":"55","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.240309797"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-016-9661-9","article-title":"Multipotent Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells: a Literature Review","volume":"12","author":"Nuti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev Rep"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59251"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abl8753","article-title":"Schwann cells in the subcutaneous adipose tissue have neurogenic potential and can be used for regenerative therapies","volume":"14","author":"Stavely","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065211","article-title":"Bone Marrow Stem Cells Derived from Nerves Have Neurogenic Properties and Potential Utility for Regenerative Therapy","volume":"24","author":"Ott","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16951","article-title":"Deriving human ENS lineages for cell therapy and drug discovery in Hirschsprung disease","volume":"531","author":"Fattahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature New Biol"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-002-6384-7","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in the internal anal sphincter of hirschsprung\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Tomita","year":"2002","journal-title":"World j surg"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2010.09.089"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10082086","article-title":"Cell Therapy for Anal Sphincter Incontinence: Where Do We Stand?","volume":"10","author":"Balaphas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-016-3064-y","article-title":"Regenerative medicine provides alternative strategies for the treatment of anal incontinence","volume":"28","author":"Gr\u00e4s","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58200"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58186"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02890-y","article-title":"Colitis promotes neuronal differentiation of Sox2+ and PLP1+ enteric cells","volume":"7","author":"Belkind-Gerson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000326"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112194"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41492-3","article-title":"A branching model of lineage differentiation underpinning the neurogenic potential of enteric glia","volume":"14","author":"Laddach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22746"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.775102","article-title":"Development, Diversity, and Neurogenic Capacity of Enteric Glia","volume":"9","author":"Boesmans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.03.010","article-title":"Guidelines for synoptic reporting of surgery and pathology in Hirschsprung disease","volume":"54","author":"Veras","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.07.018"},{"key":"2025081810110436000_8.1.e000860.100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.035","article-title":"Robust, 3-Dimensional Visualization of Human Colon Enteric Nervous System Without Tissue Sectioning","volume":"158","author":"Graham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Pediatric Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/wjps-2024-000860","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T17:11:19Z","timestamp":1755537079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wjps.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/wjps-2024-000860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/wjps-2024-000860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/wjps-2024-000860","relation":{},"ISSN":["2516-5410"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2516-5410","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}}}