{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:36:02Z","timestamp":1777563362845,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the importance of plasma inhibitory factors in producing the impaired phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte transformation that is seen in some patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Twenty-six normal subjects and 12 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were studied. The lymphocytes from each subject were cultured in the presence of autologous plasma and also in the presence of homologous plasma from a normal subject or from a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis. The results confirm that a proportion of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis are anergic and that the impaired lymphocyte transformation to PHA <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> can be partially accounted for by the presence of inhibitory factors in the plasma. However, these factors are unlikely to account completely for the impaired transformation, it being probable that there are also abnormalities of the T lymphocytes themselves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.14.2.89","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"89-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Lymphocyte transformation in response to phytohaemagglutinin in primary biliary cirrhosis: The search for a plasma inhibitory factor"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"R. A.","family":"Fox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F. J.","family":"Dudley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Samuels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Milligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Sherlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1973,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5655.473","article-title":"Significance of the changes in the circulating lymphoid cells in Hodgkins'","volume":"2","author":"Crowther, D.; Fairley, G.H.; Sewell, R.L.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Crowther, D., Fairley, G. H., and Sewell, R. L. (1969). Significance of the changes in the circulating lymphoid cells in Hodgkins' disease. Brit. med. J., 2, 473-477.","journal-title":"disease. Brit. med. J"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.9.2.193","article-title":"Immunoglobulins in chronic liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Feizi, T.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Feizi, T. (1968). Immunoglobulins in chronic liver disease. Gut, 9, 193-198.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"An immunological study of primary biliary cirrhosis","author":"Fox, R.A.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Fox, R. A. (1971). An immunological study of primary biliary cirrhosis. MD Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"959","article-title":"Impaired delayed hypersensitivity in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"1","author":"Fox, R.A.; James, D.G.; Scheuer, P.J.; Sharma, O.; Sherlock, S.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Fox, R. A., James, D. G., Scheuer, P. J., Sharma, O., and Sherlock, S. (1969). Impaired delayed hypersensitivity in primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet, 1, 959-962.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"749","article-title":"Inhibition of PHA stimulated lymphocyte transformation by plasma from patients with advanced alcoholic cirrhosis","volume":"8","author":"Hsu, C.C.S.; Leevy, C.M.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hsu, C. C. S., and Leevy, C. M. (1971). Inhibition of PHA stimulated lymphocyte transformation by plasma from patients with advanced alcoholic cirrhosis. Clin. exp Immunol., 8, 749-760.","journal-title":"Clin. exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"246","article-title":"Reduced lymphocyte transformation due to a plasma factor in patients with active syphilis","volume":"2","author":"Levene, G.M.; Turk, J.L.; Wright, D.J.M.; Grimble, A.G.S.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Levene, G. M., Turk, J. L., Wright, D. J. M., and Grimble, A. G. S. (1969). Reduced lymphocyte transformation due to a plasma factor in patients with active syphilis. Lancet, 2, 246-247.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"713","article-title":"Immunological studies of phytohaemagglutinin. I. Reaction between phytohaemagglutinin and normal sera","volume":"14","author":"Morse, J.H.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Morse, J. H. (1968). Immunological studies of phytohaemagglutinin. I. Reaction between phytohaemagglutinin and normal sera. Immunology, 14, 713-724.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"66","article-title":"Development of macrophages in phytohaemagglutinin cultures of blood from patients with idiopathic steatorrhoea and with cirrhosis","volume":"48","author":"Winter, G.C.B.; McCarthy, C.F.; Read, A.E.; Yoffey, J.M.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Winter, G. C. B., McCarthy, C. F., Read, A. E., and Yoffey, J. M. (1967). Development of macrophages in phytohaemagglutinin cultures of blood from patients with idiopathic steatorrhoea and with cirrhosis. Brit. J. exp. Path., 48, 66-80.","journal-title":"Brit. J. exp. Path"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.14.2.89","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T20:17:49Z","timestamp":1757276269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.14.2.89"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1973,2]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1973,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.14.2.89"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.14.2.89","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1973,2]]}}}