{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T22:35:01Z","timestamp":1771626901288,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Background: Inflammatory bowel disease in interleukin 2 (IL-2) deficient (IL-2\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) mice is triggered by the intestinal microflora and mediated by CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Aims: To determine the characteristics of microflora specific intestinal T cells, including migration and cytokine production.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Methods: Intestinal T cell populations and cytokine mRNA expression of specific pathogen free (SPF) and germ free (GF) IL-2\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    and IL-2\n                    <jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice were compared by flow cytometry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cytokine production of intestinal mononuclear cells on stimulation with microflora antigens was assessed by ELISA. In vivo migration of T cells was assessed by adoptive transfer of\n                    <jats:sup>51<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cr labelled CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD25\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u03b1\u03b2\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells. The ability of intestinal T cell lines to promote colitis was determined by adoptive transfer experiments.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Results: SPF IL-2\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice produced higher interferon \u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) and tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 mRNA levels than GF IL-2\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice, which was accompanied by an increased number of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u03b1\u03b2 T cells in the colon. Tracking of\n                    <jats:sup>51<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cr labelled and adoptively transferred T cells revealed an increased MAdCAM-1 dependent but VCAM-1 independent recruitment of these cells into the colon of SPF IL-2\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice. Colon lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) from SPF IL-2\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice showed increased spontaneous IFN-\u03b3 production in vitro. On stimulation with bacterial microflora antigens, intraepithelial lymphocytes and LPL did not produce IFN-\u03b3, but high quantities of IL-10, which did not suppress IFN-\u03b3 production. Bacterial antigen specific cell lines established from colon LPL of SPF IL-2\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice with colitis showed a regulatory T cell-like cytokine profile and only marginally modulated the course of colitis and survival of IL-2\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Conclusions: Our results suggest that microflora reactive regulatory T cells are present in the colon of SPF IL-2\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice. However, IL-10 produced by these cells did not significantly modulate a possible secondary proinflammatory CD4 Th1 cell population to produce IFN-\u03b3.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.2.170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:29:07Z","timestamp":1027751347000},"page":"170-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Microflora reactive IL-10 producing regulatory T cells are present in the colon of IL-2 deficient mice but lack efficacious inhibition of IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1 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