{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T22:41:24Z","timestamp":1649112084638},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/sti.73.5.348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T21:44:35Z","timestamp":1226526275000},"page":"348-354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Direct estimates of prevalent HIV infection in adults in England and Wales for 1991 and 1993: an improved method."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Petruckevitch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A","family":"Nicoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A M","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Current homo\/bisexual men attending STD clinics (not known to be HIV infected) As stated above, the data were weighted to adjust for cross boundary flow using age specific populations derived from the 1993 survey of prevalent diagnosed infections (table 1). Cross boundary flow between London and elsewhere was negligible and therefore","volume-title":"personal communication). Reported totals for those known to be infected, obtained from the PDI survey, were subtracted from the estimated age specific populations. HIV seroprevalences among those not known to be HIV infected from the UAPMP survey were applied to these new populations","author":"Molesworth, A.; Mortimer, J.","unstructured":"Current homo\/bisexual men attending STD clinics (not known to be HIV infected) As stated above, the data were weighted to adjust for cross boundary flow using age specific populations derived from the 1993 survey of prevalent diagnosed infections (table 1). Cross boundary flow between London and elsewhere was negligible and therefore ignored (A Molesworth and J Mortimer, personal communication). Reported totals for those known to be infected, obtained from the PDI survey, were subtracted from the estimated age specific populations. HIV seroprevalences among those not known to be HIV infected from the UAPMP survey were applied to these new populations.","edition":"ignored"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Current homolbisexual men who have not attended STD clinics (not known to be HIV infected) It is inappropriate to weight this population for any cross boundary flow because these men, by definition, have not attended an STD clinic. Estimates for this group had previously been derived using 1991 seroprevalences among clinic attenders divided by a factor of five on the premise that non-attenders have only a fraction of the risk of attenders.616 In the absence of additional information the same method was employed, but using the prevalences of those not known clinically to be infected and dividing by a factor of four which agrees more closely with previously observed data.'6 In 1991 prevalence data for outer London clinics were not available so the data for clinics in the rest of England and Wales were used","unstructured":"Current homolbisexual men who have not attended STD clinics (not known to be HIV infected) It is inappropriate to weight this population for any cross boundary flow because these men, by definition, have not attended an STD clinic. Estimates for this group had previously been derived using 1991 seroprevalences among clinic attenders divided by a factor of five on the premise that non-attenders have only a fraction of the risk of attenders.616 In the absence of additional information the same method was employed, but using the prevalences of those not known clinically to be infected and dividing by a factor of four which agrees more closely with previously observed data.'6 In 1991 prevalence data for outer London clinics were not available so the data for clinics in the rest of England and Wales were used."},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Previously homolbisexually exposed men (not known to be HIV infected) The denominator for this group is large and much of it is made up of individuals who have had only a limited number of homosexual contacts more than 5 years ago.7 It is inappropriate to assume the same level of risk of infection for this group as those current and continuing clinic attenders actively engaging in homosexual sex. The lowest prevalence (homosexual men not known clinically to be infected and not attending","volume-title":"STD clinics in the rest of England and Wales in 1991 and; were used for men resident in inner London and half these values for elsewhere","year":"1993","unstructured":"Previously homolbisexually exposed men (not known to be HIV infected) The denominator for this group is large and much of it is made up of individuals who have had only a limited number of homosexual contacts more than 5 years ago.7 It is inappropriate to assume the same level of risk of infection for this group as those current and continuing clinic attenders actively engaging in homosexual sex. The lowest prevalence (homosexual men not known clinically to be infected and not attending STD clinics in the rest of England and Wales in 1991 and 1993) were used for men resident in inner London and half these values for elsewhere."},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"Current heterosexual STD clinic attenders (not known to be HIV infected) The data were weighted in accordance with the cross boundary flow figures given earlier, using age specific populations derived from the 1993 PDI survey. Reported totals for those known to be HIV infected, using the PDI data, were subtracted from the estimated age specific populations. Age specific seroprevalences of those men and women not known to be infected from the UAPMP survey were applied to these new populations","unstructured":"Current heterosexual STD clinic attenders (not known to be HIV infected) The data were weighted in accordance with the cross boundary flow figures given earlier, using age specific populations derived from the 1993 PDI survey. Reported totals for those known to be HIV infected, using the PDI data, were subtracted from the estimated age specific populations. Age specific seroprevalences of those men and women not known to be infected from the UAPMP survey were applied to these new populations."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Report of a working group convened by the Director of the sPOfeufvbielcrieecrsHH. TIeahVletdhiisLneaacsibedoerinancteoErnaygnldoannpdrbeevahanaldlefnWcaoefleotsfheAfIoCrhDiS1e9fa9n2Md-e1do9it9ch7ae:lr projections using data to the end of","volume":"3","year":"1992","unstructured":"Report of a working group convened by the Director of the sPOfeufvbielcrieecrsHH.TIeahVletdhiisLneaacsibedoerinancteoErnaygnldoannpdrbeevahanaldlefnWcaoefleotsfheAfIoCrhDiS1e9fa9n2Md-e1do9it9ch7ae:lr projections using data to the end of June 1992. (Chairman: Professor N E Day.) Communicable Disease Report 1993;3:S1-17.","journal-title":"(Chairman: Professor N E Day.) Communicable Disease Report"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"120","article-title":"People who travel to be treated care management. for HIV infection: keeping track for Communicable Disease Report","volume":"5","author":"Howitt, D.J.; MortimerJY, Evans; BG, Noone; P.A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Howitt DJ, MortimerJY, Evans BG, Noone PA. People who travel to be treated care management. for HIV infection: keeping track for Communicable Disease Report 1995;5: R120-2."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6711.1295","article-title":"Monitoring the prevalence of HIV: foundations for a programme of unlinked anonymous testing in England and Wales","volume":"299","author":"Gill, O.N.; Adler, M.W.; Day, N.E.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gill ON, Adler MW, Day NE. Monitoring the prevalence of HIV: foundations for a programme of unlinked anonymous testing in England and Wales. BMJ 1989;299: 1295-8.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6853.561","article-title":"HIV infection in a cohort of homosexual and bisexual men","volume":"305","author":"Hunt, A.J.; Davies, P.M.; McManus, T.J.; Weatherburn, P.; Hickson, F.C.; Christofinis, G.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hunt AJ, Davies PM, McManus TJ, Weatherburn P, Hickson FC, Christofinis G, et al. HIV infection in a cohort of homosexual and bisexual men. BMJ 1992; 305:561-2.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Drug use in prison","author":"GV, Turnbull Stimson; G, Stillwell","year":"1994","unstructured":"Turnbull Stimson GV, Stillwell G. Drug use in prison. Horsham: AVERT, 1994. Hayden DA, Stimson GV."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"85","article-title":"Surveillance of HIV infection by voluntary testing in England","volume":"2","author":"Waight, P.A.; Rush, A.M.; Miller, E.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Waight PA, Rush AM, Miller E. Surveillance of HIV infection by voluntary testing in England. Communicable Disease Report 1992;2:R85-8.","journal-title":"Communicable Disease Report"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sti.73.5.348","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T23:56:28Z","timestamp":1601078188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sti.73.5.348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sti.73.5.348","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]}}}