{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T12:39:30Z","timestamp":1774960770300,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]],"date-time":"2013-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ard.eular.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]],"date-time":"2013-07-19T01:14:52Z","timestamp":1374196492000},"page":"328-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":212,"title":["Multinational evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of gout: integrating systematic literature review and expert opinion of a broad panel of rheumatologists in the 3e initiative"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Francisca","family":"Sivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Andr\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Loreto","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alison S R","family":"Kydd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John","family":"Moi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rakhi","family":"Seth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Melonie","family":"Sriranganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"van Durme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Irene","family":"van Echteld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ophir","family":"Vinik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mihir D","family":"Wechalekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Aletaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Bombardier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rachelle","family":"Buchbinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert B","family":"Landew\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Johannes W","family":"Bijlsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jaime C","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Burgos-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anca I","family":"Catrina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Elewaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antonio J L","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Kiely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Burkhard F","family":"Leeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlomaurizio","family":"Montecucco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"M\u00fcller-Ladner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mikkel","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Zochling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Falzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D\u00e9sir\u00e9e M","family":"van der Heijde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2010.10.004","article-title":"Epidemiology of gout: an update","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.081604","article-title":"Gout is associated with more comorbidities, poorer health related quality of life and higher health care utilization in US veterans","volume":"67","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32802106b9","article-title":"Therapeutic advances in gout","volume":"19","author":"Pascual","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.070755","article-title":"Concordance of the management of chronic gout in a UK primary-care population with the EULAR gout recommendations","volume":"66","author":"Roddy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3182314d40","article-title":"An audit of the variability of diagnosis and management of gout in the rheumatology setting: the gout evaluation and management study","volume":"17","author":"Perez-Ruiz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201687","article-title":"Gout: why is this curable disease so seldom cured?","volume":"71","author":"Doherty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.055251","article-title":"EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part I: Diagnosis. Report of a task force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT)","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.055269","article-title":"EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout Part II. Management. Report of a Task Force of the EULAR Standing Committee for international clinical studies including therapeutics (ESCISIT)","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21772","article-title":"2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: Systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia","volume":"64","author":"Khanna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21773","article-title":"2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 2: Therapy and antiinflammatory prophylaxis of acute gouty arthritis","volume":"64","author":"Khanna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2011.11.2511","article-title":"2011 Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of gout and hyperuricemia","volume":"123","author":"Hamburger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii9","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep087","article-title":"Treating to target: a strategy to cure gout","volume":"48","author":"Perez-Ruiz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii","DOI":"10.3310\/hta8060","article-title":"Effectiveness and efficiency of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies","volume":"8","author":"Grimshaw","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.094474","volume":"68","author":"Visser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.130625","volume":"70","author":"Machado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes032","article-title":"Multinational evidence-based recommendations for pain management by pharmacotherapy in inflammatory arthritis: integrating systematic literature research and expert opinion of a broad panel of rheumatologists in the 3e Initiative","volume":"51","author":"Whittle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib17","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions Version 501 (updated September 2008)","article-title":"Chapter 8: Assessing the risk of bias in included studies","author":"Higgins","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-6-200603210-00010","article-title":"Evaluation of the quality of prognosis studies in systematic reviews","volume":"144","author":"Hayden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib19","unstructured":"Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale: case control studies. http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.htm (accessed 4 Feb 2012)."},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9606-8","article-title":"The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: an international Delphi study","volume":"19","author":"Mokkink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib21","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy (Version 1.0.0)","article-title":"Chapter 9: Assessing methodological quality","author":"Reitsma","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090370","article-title":"Outcome domains for studies of acute and chronic gout","volume":"36","author":"Schumacher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib23","unstructured":"Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine: levels of evidence (March 2009). http:\/\/www.cebm.net\/index.aspx?o=1025 (accessed 4 Feb 2012)."},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11102485","article-title":"Identification of intraarticular and periarticular uric acid crystals with dual-energy CT: initial evaluation","volume":"261","author":"Glazebrook","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.196","article-title":"A diagnostic rule for acute gouty arthritis in primary care without joint fluid analysis","volume":"170","author":"Janssens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmu.2011.01.003","article-title":"Role of ultrasonography in diagnosing gouty arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Lai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3181945b79","article-title":"Clinical diagnostic criteria for gout: comparison with the gold standard of synovial fluid crystal analysis","volume":"15","author":"Malik","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(04)00934-5","article-title":"Significance of hyperuricaemia as a risk factor for developing ESRD in a screened cohort","volume":"44","author":"Iseki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.605","article-title":"Risk factors for end-stage renal disease: 25-year follow-up","volume":"169","author":"Hsu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Int Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.200523","article-title":"Mortality due to coronary heart disease and kdney disease among middle-aged and elderly men and women with gout in the Singapour Chinese health study","volume":"71","author":"Teng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.03.027","article-title":"Serum uric acid levels and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study","volume":"123","author":"Bhole","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200107000-00005","article-title":"Serum uric acid and the risk for hypertension and Type 2 diabetes in Japanese men: the Osaka Health Survey","volume":"19","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hypert"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430070036004","article-title":"Lifestyle and biologic factors associated with atherosclerotic disease in middle-aged men. 20-year findings from the Honolulu Heart Program","volume":"155","author":"Goldberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-1-199907060-00003","article-title":"Serum uric acid and risk for cardiovascular disease and death: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"131","author":"Culleton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.2143\/AC.56.4.2005651","article-title":"Serum uric acid for short-term prediction of cardiovascular disease incidence in the Gubbio population Study","volume":"56","author":"Puddu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(99)00037-X","article-title":"Serum uric acid and risk of coronary heart disease: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study","volume":"10","author":"Moriarity","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.018","article-title":"Hyperuricemia as a risk factor on cardiovascular events in Taiwan: the Chin-Shan Community Cardiovascular Cohort Study","volume":"183","author":"Chien","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000221716.55088.d4","article-title":"Uric acid is a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke: the Rotterdam study","volume":"37","author":"Bos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.09.020","article-title":"Serum uric acid and risk of ischemic stroke: the ARIC Study","volume":"187","author":"Hozawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.122770","article-title":"Independent impact of gout on the risk of acute myocardial infarction among elderly women: a population-based study","volume":"69","author":"De Vera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.703389","article-title":"Independent impact of gout on mortality and risk for coronary heart disease","volume":"116","author":"Choi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep364","article-title":"Gout: an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality","volume":"49","author":"Kuo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90127-8","article-title":"Gout and coronary heart disease: the Framingham Study","volume":"41","author":"Abbott","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.10.1104","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular mortality among middle-aged men with gout","volume":"168","author":"Krishnan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib45","first-page":"CD010120","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute gout (Protocol)","volume":"10","author":"van Durme","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib46","first-page":"CD009920","article-title":"Intra-articular glucocorticoids for acute gout","author":"Wechalekar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib47","first-page":"CD009993","article-title":"Interleukin-1 inhibitors for acute gout (Protocol)","volume":"7","author":"Sivera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1987.tb01232.x","article-title":"Does colchicine work? The results of the first controlled study in acute gout","volume":"17","author":"Ahern","year":"1987","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27327","article-title":"High versus low dosing of oral colchicine for early acute gout flare: Twenty-four-hour outcome of the first multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-comparison colchicine study","volume":"62","author":"Terkeltaub","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib50","first-page":"92","article-title":"A comparative, double-blind, parallel study with tenoxicam vs placebo in acute gouty arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Garcia de la Torre","year":"1987","journal-title":"Invest Med Int"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib51","first-page":"344","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of etodolac (Lodine) and high doses of naproxen in the treatment of acute gout","volume":"7","author":"Lederman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780220420","article-title":"Double-blind study of fenoprofen versus phenylbutazone in acute gouty arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Weiner","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib53","first-page":"133","article-title":"Use of tenoxicam in patients with acute gouty arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Valdes","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib54","first-page":"111","article-title":"Piroxicam in treatment of acute gout high dose versus low dose","volume":"68","author":"Tumrasvin","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.36.1.80","article-title":"Multicentre trial of naproxen and phenylbutazone in acute gout","volume":"36","author":"Sturge","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.32.4.351","article-title":"Comparison of indomethacin and phenylbutazone in acute gout","volume":"32","author":"Smyth","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(95)70037-4","article-title":"Randomized double-blind comparison of the analgesic efficacy of intramuscular ketorolac and oral indomethacin in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis","volume":"26","author":"Shrestha","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7352.1488","article-title":"Randomised double blind trial of etoricoxib and indometacin in treatment of acute gouty arthritis","volume":"324","author":"Schumacher","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1185\/03007999109111513","article-title":"Effectiveness of etodolac (\u2018Lodine\u2018) compared with naproxen in patients with acute gout","volume":"12","author":"Maccagno","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90131-2","article-title":"Flurbiprofen in the treatment of acute gout. A comparison with indomethacin","volume":"80","author":"Lomen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib61","first-page":"641","article-title":"Meclofenamate sodium in the treatment of acute gout. Results of a double-blind study","volume":"33","author":"Eberl","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib62","first-page":"275","article-title":"A comparison of phenylbutazone and flufenamic acid in the treatment of acute gout","volume":"10","author":"Douglas","year":"1970","journal-title":"Ann Phys Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(04)90035-5","article-title":"A single-blind, randomized, controlled trial to assess the efficacy and tolerability of rofecoxib, diclofenac sodium, and meloxicam in patients with acute gouty arthritis","volume":"26","author":"Cheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1985.tb05110.x","article-title":"Double-blind trial of flurbiprofen and phenylbutazone in acute gouty arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Butler","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20007","article-title":"Efficacy and safety profile of treatment with etoricoxib 120 mg once daily compared with indomethacin 50 mg three times daily in acute gout","volume":"50","author":"Rubin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem090","article-title":"Lumiracoxib 400 mg once daily is comparable to indomethacin 50 mg three times daily for the treatment of acute flares of gout","volume":"46","author":"Willburger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib67","first-page":"1422","article-title":"Ketoprofen versus indomethacin in patients with acute gouty arthritis: a multicenter, double blind comparative study","volume":"15","author":"Altman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310618","article-title":"Comparison of parenteral adrenocorticotropic hormone with oral indomethacin in the treatment of acute gout","volume":"31","author":"Axelrod","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60799-0","article-title":"Use of oral prednisolone or naproxen for the treatment of gout arthritis: a double-blind, randomised equivalence trial","volume":"371","author":"Janssens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2006.11.014","article-title":"Comparison of oral prednisolone\/paracetamol and oral indomethacin\/paracetamol combination therapy in the treatment of acute goutlike arthritis: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"49","author":"Man","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib71","first-page":"CD010039","article-title":"Lifestyle interventions for chronic gout (Protocol)","volume":"5","author":"Moi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib72","first-page":"CD010156","article-title":"Dietary supplements for chronic gout (Protocol)","volume":"11","author":"Andres","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200156","article-title":"Effects of skim milk powder enriched with glycomacropeptide and G600 milk fat extract on frequency of gout flares: a proof-of-concept randomised controlled trial","volume":"71","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24209","article-title":"Effects of febuxostat versus allopurinol and placebo in reducing serum urate in subjects with hyperuricemia and gout: a 28-week, phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial","volume":"59","author":"Schumacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20935","article-title":"Febuxostat, a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase: a twenty-eight-day, multicenter, phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response clinical trial examining safety and efficacy in patients with gout","volume":"52","author":"Becker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1169","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of pegloticase for the treatment of chronic gout in patients refractory to conventional treatment: two randomized controlled trials","volume":"306","author":"Sundy","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.083071","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of urate-lowering drugs in gout: a randomised controlled trial of benzbromarone versus probenecid after failure of allopurinol","volume":"68","author":"Reinders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050373","article-title":"Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout","volume":"353","author":"Becker","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R63","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2978","article-title":"The urate-lowering efficacy and safety of febuxostat in the treatment of the hyperuricemia of gout: the CONFIRMS trial","volume":"12","author":"Becker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.091462","article-title":"A randomized-controlled trial on the efficacy and tolerability with dose escalation of allopurinol 300\u2013600 mg\/day versus benzbromarone 100\u2013200 mg\/day in patients with gout","volume":"68","author":"Reinders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib81","series-title":"Febuxostat for the management of hyperuricemia in people with gout (Structured abstract)","author":"NICE","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2165\/11535770-000000000-00000","article-title":"Febuxostat for the management of hyperuricemia in patients with gout: a NICE single technology appraisal","volume":"29","author":"Stevenson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib83","first-page":"908","article-title":"A cost effectiveness analysis of urate lowering drugs in nontophaceous recurent gouty arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Ferraz","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib84","first-page":"2429","article-title":"Colchicine for prophylaxis of acute flares when initiating allopurinol for chronic gout arthritis","volume":"31","author":"Borstad","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780170517","article-title":"Prophylactic colchicine therapy of intercritical gout a placebo-controlled study of probenecid-treated patients","volume":"17","author":"Paulus","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.10.981","article-title":"Relation between adverse events associated with allopurinol and renal function in patients with gout","volume":"60","author":"Vazquez-Mellado","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30119","article-title":"Using allopurinol above the dose based on creatinine clearance is effective and safe in patients with chronic gout, including those with renal impairment","volume":"63","author":"Stamp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90743-5","article-title":"Severe allopurinol toxicity. Description and guidelines for prevention in patients with renal insufficiency","volume":"76","author":"Hande","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/00124743-199904000-00003","article-title":"Treatment of chronic gout in patients with renal function impairment. An open, randomized, actively controlled","volume":"5","author":"Perez-Ruiz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib90","first-page":"77","article-title":"Combined therapy using allopurinol and benzbromarone for gout and hyperuricemia complicated with renal disorder","volume":"4","author":"Hosoya","year":"1992","journal-title":"Jpn J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem056a","article-title":"British Society for Rheumatology and British health professionals in Rheumatology guideline for the management of gout","volume":"46","author":"Jordan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib92","first-page":"961","article-title":"Hyperuricaemia and gout: clinical guideline 2003","volume":"93","author":"Meyers","year":"2003","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib93","first-page":"309","article-title":"Dutch College of General Practitioners' Gout standards","volume":"146","author":"Romeijnders","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22232","article-title":"Using serum urate levels to determine the period free of gouty symptoms after withdrawal of long-term urate-lowering therapy: a prospective study","volume":"55","author":"Perez-Ruiz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rhu.0000209882.50228.9f","article-title":"Serum urate levels and gout flares: analysis from managed care data","volume":"12","author":"Sarawate","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3181945d2c","article-title":"The effect of serum urate on gout flares and their associated costs: an administrative claims analysis","volume":"15","author":"Halpern","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20405","article-title":"A retrospective study of the relationship between serum urate level and attacks of gouty arthritis: evidence of recurrent gouty arthritis with antihyperuricemic therapy","volume":"51","author":"Shoji","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5381-6_3","article-title":"Optimal range of serum urate concentrations to minize risk of gouty attacks during anty-hyperuricemic therapy","volume":"431","author":"Yamanaka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080487","article-title":"Frequency, risk, and cost of gout-related episodes among the elderly: does serum uric acid level matter?","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10511","article-title":"Effect of urate-lowering therapy on the velocity of size reduction of tophi in chronic gout","volume":"47","author":"Perez-Ruiz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780341203","article-title":"Influence of antihyperuricemic therapy on the clinical and radiographic progression of gout","volume":"34","author":"McCarthy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-009-1002-8","article-title":"Ultrasonography shows disappearance of monosodium urate crystal deposition on hyaline cartilage after sustained normouricemia is achieved","volume":"30","author":"Thiele","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib103","first-page":"577","article-title":"Treatment of chronic gout. Can we determine when urate stores are depleted enough to prevent attacks of gout?","volume":"28","author":"Li-Yu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.060368","article-title":"Time required for disappearance of urate crystals from synovial fluid after successful hypouricaemic treatment relates to the duration of gout","volume":"66","author":"Pascual","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.071229","article-title":"Quality of life and disability in patients with treatment-failure gout","volume":"36","author":"Becker","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq346","article-title":"Long-term therapy for chronic gout results in clinically important improvements in the health-related quality of life: short form-36 is responsive to change in chronic gout","volume":"50","author":"Khanna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23575","article-title":"Validation of the health assessment questionnaire disability index in patients with gout","volume":"59","author":"Alvarez-Hernandez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib108","first-page":"457","article-title":"Computed tomography measurement of tophus volume: comparison with physical measurement","volume":"57","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib109","first-page":"1888","article-title":"Ultrasonographic measurement of tophi as an outcome measure for chronic gout","volume":"34","author":"Perez-Ruiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib110","first-page":"CD010069","article-title":"Interventions for tophi in gout","volume":"9","author":"Sriranganathan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080814","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of successful longterm urate lowering with febuxostat or allopurinol in subjects with gout","volume":"36","author":"Becker","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-007-9253-3","article-title":"Effect of treatment of hyperuricemia with allopurinol on blood pressure, creatinine clearence, and proteinuria in patients with normal renal functions","volume":"39","author":"Kanbay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11451210","article-title":"A randomized study of allopurinol on endothelial function and estimated glomular filtration rate in asymptomatic hyperuricemic subjects with normal renal function","volume":"6","author":"Kanbay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.10.006","article-title":"Use of allopurinol in slowing the progression of renal disease through its ability to lower serum uric acid level","volume":"47","author":"Siu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2008.028043","article-title":"Effects of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on quality of care: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Lugtenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Qual Saf Health Care"},{"key":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325_bib116","unstructured":"3e Methodology. http:\/\/www.3erheumatology.com\/en\/3emethodology.aspx (accessed 27 Apr 2013)."}],"container-title":["Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003496724211857?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003496724211857?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T08:47:38Z","timestamp":1739522858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003496724211857"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003496724211857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4967","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Multinational evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of gout: integrating systematic literature review and expert opinion of a broad panel of rheumatologists in the 3e initiative","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203325","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2022 \u00a9 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}