{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:12:36Z","timestamp":1762506756349},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"Objective<\/jats:title>To compare a novel code-word alarm with a commercially available wireless alarm for treating enuresis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Setting<\/jats:title>A tertiary paediatric centre.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Patients<\/jats:title>Children aged 6\u201318 with at least 3\u2005wet nights per week in the previous 6\u2005months referred by doctors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Outcomes<\/jats:title>Primary outcome: the proportion who achieved a full response (14 consecutive dry nights) by 16\u2005weeks. Secondary outcomes: change in frequency of wetting, duration of alarm training, percentage of wet nights that the child woke to the alarm, adherence to treatment, adverse events and satisfaction with treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Of the 353 participants, 176 were assigned to the code-word alarm and 177 to control. At 16\u2005weeks, 54% (95% CI 47% to 61%) in the experimental group and 47% (95% CI 40% to 55%) in the control group had achieved a full response (p=0.22), with 74% and 66%, respectively, attaining a 50% or more reduction in wetting frequency (p=0.14). The experimental group woke more often than the control group (median percentage of waking 88% vs 77%, p=0.003) and had a greater reduction in wet nights (median reduction of 10 vs 9 nights per fortnight). Fewer in the experimental group discontinued therapy before achieving a full response (27% vs 37% discontinued, p=0.04). There were no significant differences in relapse rates at 6\u2005months, adverse events or satisfaction between the two alarms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Although the code-word alarm increased waking, no difference in full response rates was demonstrated between the two alarms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>ACTRN12609000070235.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,17]],"date-time":"2016-03-17T16:39:08Z","timestamp":1458232748000},"page":"326-331","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A randomised controlled trial of a code-word enuresis alarm"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Patrina H Y","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Premala","family":"Sureshkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marianne I","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Teixeira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Macaskill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jonathan C","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1996.13618.x","article-title":"The epidemiology of childhood enuresis in Australia","volume":"78","author":"Bower","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564-2","first-page":"79","article-title":"Self-esteem before and after treatment in children with nocturnal enuresis and urinary incontinence","volume":"183","author":"Hagglof","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scan J Urol Nephrol Suppl"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-2838(02)00127-6","article-title":"Self-image and performance in children with nocturnal enuresis","volume":"41","author":"Theunis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2009.00940.x","article-title":"Relationship of sleep quality and quality of life in children with monosymptomatic enuresis","volume":"35","author":"Ertan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564-5","first-page":"257","article-title":"A proposal for a classification system of enuresis based on overnight simultaneous monitoring of electroencephalography and cystometry","volume":"12","author":"Watanabe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"(Suppl 3)","key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1998.00012.x","article-title":"Changes in the structure of sleep spindles and delta waves on electroencephalography in patients with nocturnal enuresis","volume":"81","author":"Kawauchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564-7","first-page":"CD002911","article-title":"Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children","author":"Glazener","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1938.tb06395.x","article-title":"Enuresis\u2014a method for its study and treatment","volume":"8","author":"Mowrer","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120018002","article-title":"Response to auditory stimulation during sleep. Discrimination and arousal as studied with electroencephalography","volume":"4","author":"Zung","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c5399","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c5399","article-title":"Management of enuresis in children and adolescents: summary of the NICE guideline","volume":"341","author":"Nunes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(06)00305-3","article-title":"The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: report from the Standardisation Committee of the International Children's Continence Society","volume":"176","author":"Neveus","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.01.110","article-title":"The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: update report from the Standardization Committee of the International Children's Continence Society","volume":"191","author":"Austin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00041-H","article-title":"Relapse rate and subsequent parental reaction after successful treatment of children suffering from nocturnal enuresis: a 2\u00bd year follow-up of bibliotherapy","volume":"33","author":"Van Londen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.49.4.259","article-title":"Enuresis and spontaneous cure rate. Study of 1129 patients","volume":"49","author":"Forsythe","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"}],"container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T10:53:33Z","timestamp":1601117613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/adc.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308564","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9888","1468-2044"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9888","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2044","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]]}}}