{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T12:38:17Z","timestamp":1771591097349,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Cancer, and the National Solidarity Fund for Autonomy [CNSA]"},{"name":"French National Institute of Public Health Research"},{"name":"National Research Agency","award":["ANR-11-EQPX-0038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-EQPX-0038"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Public Health and its partners (the French Health Ministry, the National Institute of Health and Medical Research [INSERM]"},{"name":"Stockholm County Council and Karolinska Institutet","award":["ALF SLL 20170243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALF SLL 20170243"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme","award":["No 633724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No 633724"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006310","name":"Swedish Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017-03043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-03043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006310","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate whether extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) during the neonatal hospitalisation by sex among extremely preterm (EPT) infants is associated with cerebral palsy (CP) and cognitive and motor abilities at 5\u2009years of age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Population-based cohort of births &lt;28 weeks of gestation with data from obstetric and neonatal records and parental questionnaires and clinical assessments at 5\u2009years of age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>11 European countries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>957 EPT infants born in 2011\u20132012.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>EUGR at discharge from the neonatal unit was defined as (1) the difference between Z-scores at birth and discharge with &lt;\u22122 SD as severe, \u22122 to \u22121 SD as moderate using Fenton\u2019s growth charts (Fenton) and (2) average weight-gain velocity using Patel\u2019s formula in grams (g) per kilogram per day (Patel) with &lt;11.2\u2009g (first quartile) as severe, 11.2\u201312.5 g (median) as moderate. Five-year outcomes were: a CP diagnosis, intelligence quotient (IQ) using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence tests and motor function using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, second edition.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>40.1% and 33.9% children were classified as having moderate and severe EUGR, respectively, by Fenton and 23.8% and 26.3% by Patel. Among children without CP, those with severe EUGR had lower IQ than children without EUGR (\u22123.9 points, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=\u22127.2 to \u22120.6 for Fenton and \u22125.0 points, 95% CI=\u22128.2 to \u22121.8 for Patel), with no interaction by sex. No significant associations were observed between motor function and CP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Severe EUGR among EPT infants was associated with decreased IQ at 5 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2022-324988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T06:00:10Z","timestamp":1678946410000},"page":"492-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Postnatal growth restriction and neurodevelopment at 5 years of age: a European extremely preterm birth cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4128-1916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rym","family":"El Rafei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris 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University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Van Reempts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Study Centre for Perinatal Epidemiology Flanders, University of Antwerp, Flanders, Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Arno","family":"Van Heijst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen,the Netherlands\/Erasmusmc, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Pernille","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3284-6874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Cuttini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Care and Management Innovation Research Area, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9528-7419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Zemlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Paediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S","family":"Draper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9568-2969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Zeitlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOP\u00e9, F-75004 Paris, France"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090503303983000_108.5.492.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092029","article-title":"The influence of early nutrition on brain growth and neurodevelopment in extremely preterm babies: a narrative 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