{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T09:09:22Z","timestamp":1764493762136,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypokalaemia is a common clinical disorder, the cause of which can usually be determined by the patient's clinical history. Gitelman syndrome is an inherited tubulopathy that must be considered in some settings of hypokalaemia. We present the case of a 60-year-old male patient referred to our nephrology department for persistent hypokalaemia. Clinical history was positive for symptoms of orthostatic hypotension and polyuria. There was no history of drugs consumption other than potassium supplements. Complementary evaluation revealed hypokalaemia (2.15\u2005mmol\/l), hypomagnesaemia (0.29\u2005mmol\/l), metabolic alkalosis (pH 7.535, bicarbonate 34.1\u2005mmol\/l), hypereninaemia (281.7\u2005U\/ml), increased chloride (160\u2005mmol\/l) and sodium (126\u2005mmol\/l) urinary excretion and reduced urinary calcium excretion (0.73\u2005mmol\/l). Renal function, remainder serum and urinary ionogram, and renal ultrasound were normal. A diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome was established. We reinforced oral supplementation with potassium chloride and magnesium sulfate. Serum potassium stabilised around 3\u2005mmol\/l. The aim of our article is to remind Gitelman syndrome in the differential diagnosis of persistent hypokalaemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-009095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]],"date-time":"2013-04-12T01:47:37Z","timestamp":1365731257000},"page":"bcr2013009095","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Gitelman syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Cotovio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082805325864000_2013.apr11_1.bcr2013009095.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-3-22","article-title":"Gitelman syndrome","volume":"2013","author":"Knoers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"2025082805325864000_2013.apr11_1.bcr2013009095.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0196-24","article-title":"Gitelman's variant of Bartter's syndrome, inherited hypokalemic alkalosis, is caused by mutations in the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter","volume":"2013","author":"Simon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2025082805325864000_2013.apr11_1.bcr2013009095.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R782","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00600.2004","article-title":"Salt handling in the distal nephron: lessons learned from inherited human disorders","volume":"2013","author":"Jeck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"2025082805325864000_2013.apr11_1.bcr2013009095.4","unstructured":"Knoers NVAM Starremans PGJF Monnens LAH . Hypokalemic tubular disorders. In: Davidson AM Cameron JS Grunfeld J-P Ponticelli C Ritz E Winearls CG van Ypersele C . eds. Oxford textbook in clinical nephrology 3rd edn. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press 2005:995\u20131004."},{"key":"2025082805325864000_2013.apr11_1.bcr2013009095.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.25210","article-title":"Chronic renal failure, end-stage renal disease, and peritoneal dialysis in Gitelman's syndrome","volume":"2013","author":"Bonfante","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Kid Dis"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-009095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T12:33:03Z","timestamp":1756384383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-009095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,11]]},"references-count":5,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2013-009095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-009095","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,11]]}}}