{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T22:41:58Z","timestamp":1767998518962,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECR-AMD-2015-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECR-AMD-2015-09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/NIG\/1003\/2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/NIG\/1003\/2009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/OFLGC\/004\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/OFLGC\/004\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"s1\"><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare phenotypic and genetic variations in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) between Caucasian and Asian patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"s2\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed phenotypic and genotypic data from two sites, Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Portugal and Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore. Baseline fundus photography, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography, indocyanine green and fluorescein angiography scans were analysed by respective reading centres using a standardised grading protocol. Single nucleotide polymorphisms across 8 PCV loci were compared between cases and controls selected from each population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"s3\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and forty treatment-na\u00efve PCV participants (35 Portuguese and 105 Singaporean) were included. The Portuguese cohort were older (72.33\u00b18.44 vs 68.71\u00b19.40\u00a0years, p=0.043) and were comprised of a lower proportion of males (43% vs 71%, p=0.005) compared with the Singaporean cohort. Differences in imaging features include higher prevalence of soft drusen (66% vs 30%, p=0.004), lower prevalence of subretinal haemorrhage (14% vs 67%, p&lt;0.001), smaller polypoidal lesion (PL) area (0.09\u00b10.09 vs 0.76\u00b10.93 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, p&lt;0.001), lower ratio of PL to branching vascular network area (3% vs 38%, p&lt;0.001) and lower central retinal thickness (346.48\u00b193.74 vs 493.16\u00b1212.92\u00a0\u00b5m, p&lt;0.001) in the Portuguese cohort. <jats:italic>CETP rs3764261<\/jats:italic> (OR 2.467; 95% CI 1.282 to 4.745, p=0.006) in the Portuguese population was significantly associated with PCV and <jats:italic>CFH rs800292<\/jats:italic> (OR 1.719; 95% CI 1.139 to 2.596, p=0.010) in the Singaporean population, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"s4\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among Asian and Caucasian patients with PCV, there are significant differences in the expression of phenotype. We also identified different polymorphisms associated with PCV in the two populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-317537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T21:20:33Z","timestamp":1602278433000},"page":"1716-1723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["T and genetic variations between Asian and Caucasian polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"105","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02495181","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Janice Marie","family":"Jordan-Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kelvin","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jose Carlos","family":"Gana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna Karina","family":"Leopando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sandrina","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Farinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joana Barbosa","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Carreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joaquim Neto","family":"Murta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8676-0833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rufino","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3358-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chui Ming Gemmy","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022020909274474000_105.12.1716.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2022020909274474000_105.12.1716.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-10-31"},{"key":"2022020909274474000_105.12.1716.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.11.019"},{"key":"2022020909274474000_105.12.1716.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.117.11.1503"},{"key":"2022020909274474000_105.12.1716.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.117.8.1035"},{"key":"2022020909274474000_105.12.1716.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004170000180"},{"key":"2022020909274474000_105.12.1716.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000317","article-title":"Early signs of exudative age-related macular degeneration in Asians","volume":"91","author":"Sasaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"2022020909274474000_105.12.1716.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm4050782","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Asians","volume":"4","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2022020909274474000_105.12.1716.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7063"},{"key":"2022020909274474000_105.12.1716.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3448"},{"key":"2022020909274474000_105.12.1716.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2017.83","article-title":"Shared genetic variants for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration in East Asians","volume":"62","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2022020909274474000_105.12.1716.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques JP , Farinha C , Costa MA , et al. 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