{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T13:15:58Z","timestamp":1767791758937,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Gastroenterol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pan-intestinal capsule endoscopy (PCE) offers a safer, more effective alternative to colonoscopy for detecting potentially haemorrhagic lesions (PHL) in suspected mid-lower gastrointestinal bleeding (MLGIB), though it is limited by time-consuming review and missed lesions. We compared the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence-assisted PCE (AI-PCE) versus conventional reading PCE (CR-PCE) and colonoscopy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analysed 100 prospectively enrolled patients undergoing PCE for suspected MLGIB using an externally validated convolutional neural network. Diagnostic performance of AI-PCE, CR-PCE and colonoscopy was evaluated against a consensus reference standard. Accuracy metrics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV)) were assessed overall and by lesion type and intestinal segment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AI-PCE detected PHL in 60% of patients versus 42% with CR-PCE (p&lt;0.01). Lesions included vascular (51% vs 33%, p&lt;0.01), ulcers\/erosions (16% vs 7%, p=0.012), protuberant (5% vs 4%, p=1.0) and active bleeding (7% vs 7%, p=1.0). AI-PCE achieved higher sensitivity than CR-PCE (95% vs 67%, p&lt;0.0001) with comparable specificity (97% vs 97%), PPV (98% vs 98%) and superior NPV (92% vs 63%, p=0.0015). For the small bowel, AI-PCE outperformed CR-PCE in sensitivity (96% vs 59%, p&lt;0.0001) and NPV (97% vs 76%, p=0.0010). In colon, AI-PCE also showed greater sensitivity (90% vs 68%, p=0.027) and NPV (94% vs 86%, p = 0.066). Compared with colonoscopy, AI-PCE was markedly more sensitive (90% vs 32%, p&lt;0.0001) with higher PPV (100% vs 65%, p&lt;0.001) and NPV (94% vs 65%, p&lt;0.0001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AI-PCE significantly improves diagnostic accuracy over conventional reading and colonoscopy, offering superior sensitivity without compromising specificity, and may establish a new standard for PCE in MLGIB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2025-001906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T10:10:12Z","timestamp":1760523012000},"page":"e001906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Artificial intelligence-assisted versus conventional reading in pan-intestinal capsule endoscopy for suspected mid-lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2885-0720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Rosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Minho Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0340-0830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Jos\u00e9","family":"Mascarenhas Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Porto Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2088-2525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"C\u00fardia Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Minho Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3442-3939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Minho Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Dias de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Minho Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Porto Faculty of Engineering, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Porto Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Minho Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010701053559000_12.1.e001906.1","unstructured":"Mascarenhas M , Cardoso H , Macedo G . 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Can we limit endoscopies?","volume":"113","author":"Carretero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"2026010701053559000_12.1.e001906.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BPG.2016.09.005"},{"key":"2026010701053559000_12.1.e001906.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baddeley R , Arshanapalli S , Turvill J , et al . O20\u2005Quantifying the environmental impact of colonoscopy and colon capsule in the nhs\u2014 it\u2019s complicated! BSG LIVE\u201924, 17-20 June 2024, ICC Birmingham; 2024:A10\u20131. doi:10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-BSG.20","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-BSG.20"},{"key":"2026010701053559000_12.1.e001906.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328460"},{"key":"2026010701053559000_12.1.e001906.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4418","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-023-08133-7","article-title":"What Is the Optimal Bowel Preparation for Capsule Colonoscopy and Pan-intestinal Capsule Endoscopy? 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