{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T19:16:43Z","timestamp":1754162203452,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.0097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.0097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016056","name":"Minderoo Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.0097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.0097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006507","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VPPIS-005-FIO-20-2-40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VPPIS-005-FIO-20-2-40"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Glob Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To classify the most up-to-date factors associated with COVID-19 disease outcomes in Brazil.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nationwide Brazilian COVID-19 healthcare registers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used healthcare data of individuals diagnosed with mild\/moderate (n=70 056 602) or severe (n=2801 380) COVID-19 disease in Brazil between 26 February 2020 and 15 November 2021.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Risk of hospitalisation and mortality affected by demographic, clinical and socioeconomic variables were estimated. The impacts of socioeconomic inequalities on vaccination rates, cases and deaths were also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>15.6 million SARS-CoV-2 infection cases and 584 761 COVID-19-related deaths occurred in Brazil between 26 February 2020 and 15 November 2021. Overall, men presented a higher odds of death than women (OR=1.14, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.15), but postpartum patients admitted to hospital wards were at increased odds of dying (OR=1.23, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.34) compared with individuals without reported comorbidities. Death in younger age groups was notably higher in most deprived municipalities and also among individuals &lt;40 years belonging to indigenous backgrounds compared with white patients, as shown by descriptive analysis. Ethnic\/racial backgrounds exhibited a continuum of decreasing survival chances of mixed-race (OR=1.11, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.12), black (OR=1.34, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.36) and indigenous (OR=1.42, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.54) individuals, while those in most deprived municipalities also presented an increased odds of death (OR=1.38, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.40). Deprivation levels also affect the prompt referral of patients to adequate care. Our results show that the odds of death of individuals hospitalised for less than 4\u2009days is more than double that of patients with close-to-average hospital stays (OR=2.07, 95% CI 2.05 to 2.10). Finally, negative vaccination status also increased the odds of dying from the disease (OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.31).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The data provide evidence that the patterns of COVID-19 mortality in Brazil are influenced by both individual-level health and social risk factors, as well as municipality-level deprivation. In addition, these data suggest that there may be inequalities in the timely provision of appropriate healthcare that are related to municipality-level deprivation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-009489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T09:56:34Z","timestamp":1671011794000},"page":"e009489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Profile of COVID-19 in Brazil\u2014risk factors and socioeconomic vulnerability associated with disease outcome: retrospective analysis of population-based registers"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Felipe A C","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio M H S","family":"Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rond\u00f4nia Oswaldo Cruz Foundatio, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Porto Velho, Rond\u00f4nia, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Arthur R","family":"de Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Guilherme L","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7639-2627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renzo","family":"Flores-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Luis Iv\u00e1n O","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Moreno S","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rond\u00f4nia Oswaldo Cruz Foundatio, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Porto Velho, Rond\u00f4nia, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Pablo Ivan P","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}]},{"given":"N\u00edvea B","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7167-8754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliane Fonseca","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Center of Mathematics of University of Porto (CMUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025072914060045000_7.12.e009489.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)02796-3"},{"key":"2025072914060045000_7.12.e009489.2","unstructured":"Johns Hopkins U.S . 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