{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T10:34:53Z","timestamp":1774953293652,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to assess the trends in body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) from the age of 13 to 17\u2005years and to evaluate how sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics at the age of 13\u2005 impact changes in BMI and BF%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Porto, Portugal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated 1451 adolescents in a community-based cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>BMI z-scores were calculated according to CDC references. BF% was assessed by bioelectrical impedance. Variables with a significant effect in adiposity changes were identified through linear regression models. In girls, estimates were controlled for duration of follow-up, parental education, baseline BMI z-score, age at menarche and the interaction term baseline BMI z-score\u00d7age at menarche; in boys, adjustments were performed for duration of follow-up, parental education, baseline BMI z-score and the interaction term baseline BMI z-score\u00d7duration of follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>On average, BMI z-score decreased from the age of 13 to 17\u2005years (mean difference \u22120.20, 95% CI \u22120.23 to \u22120.16 among girls and \u22120.15, 95% CI \u22120.19 to \u22120.11 among boys). Accordingly, 12.4% of girls and 13% of boys moved to a lower BMI category and 2.2% of girls and 5.5% of boys to a higher category. There were sex differences in the significant determinants of adiposity trends. Among girls, BMI z-score significantly decreased with baseline BMI z-score (\u03b2=\u22120.163, 95% CI \u22120.204 to \u22120.122) and significantly increased with age at menarche (\u03b2=0.078, 95% CI 0.050 to 0.107). Results were similar for BF%. Among boys, BMI z-score significantly increased with higher parental BMI, and BF% decreased among those who wished to look larger at the age of 13 (\u03b2=\u22121.367, 95% CI \u22122.174 to \u22120.560), compared with those who were satisfied with their image.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In adolescents, ageing resulted in a decrease in BMI z-scores and BF%. BMI and BF% at the age of 13 were the major determinants of the observed trends. Our results suggest that adolescence is a possible specific time window for intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]],"date-time":"2014-06-11T05:07:31Z","timestamp":1402463251000},"page":"e004380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Longitudinal changes in adiposity during adolescence: a population-based 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