{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T10:55:03Z","timestamp":1776855303889,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001775","name":"University of Technology Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The integration of community pharmacy services (CPSs) into primary care practice can be enhanced by assessing (and further addressing) the elements that enable (ie, facilitators) or hinder (ie, barriers) the implementation of such CPSs. These elements have been widely researched from the perspective of pharmacists but not from the perspectives of other stakeholders who can interact with and influence the implementation of CPSs. The aim of this study was to synthesise the literature on patients\u2019, general practitioners\u2019 (GPs) and nurses\u2019 perspectives of CPSs to identify barriers and facilitators to their implementation in Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies was performed. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus and Informit was conducted to identify studies that explored patients\u2019, GPs\u2019 or nurses\u2019 views about CPSs in Australia. Thematic synthesis was performed to identify elements influencing CPS implementation, which were further classified using an ecological approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-nine articles were included in the review, addressing 63 elements influencing CPS implementation. Elements were identified as a barrier, facilitator or both and were related to four ecological levels: individual patient (n=14), interpersonal (n=24), organisational (n=16) and community and healthcare system (n=9). It was found that patients, nurses and GPs identified elements reported in previous pharmacist-informed studies, such as pharmacist\u2019s training\/education or financial remuneration, but also new elements, such as patients\u2019 capability to follow service's procedures, the relationships between GP and pharmacy professional bodies or the availability of multidisciplinary training\/education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients, GPs and nurses can describe a large number of elements influencing CPS implementation. These elements can be combined with previous findings in pharmacists-informed studies to produce a comprehensive framework to assess barriers and facilitators to CPS implementation. This framework can be used by pharmacy service planners and policy makers to improve the analysis of the contexts in which CPSs are implemented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]],"date-time":"2017-09-06T23:17:04Z","timestamp":1504739824000},"page":"e015471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Qualitative meta-synthesis of barriers and facilitators that influence the implementation of community pharmacy services: perspectives of patients, nurses and general medical practitioners"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Lutfun N","family":"Hossain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Fernandez-Llimos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Luckett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joanna C","family":"Moullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA"}]},{"given":"Desire","family":"Durks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Franco-Trigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}]},{"given":"Shalom I","family":"Benrimoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sabater-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Academic Centre in Pharmaceutical Care, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121512374472000_7.9.e015471.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-8-22"},{"key":"2025121512374472000_7.9.e015471.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-4-50"},{"key":"2025121512374472000_7.9.e015471.3","first-page":"724","article-title":"Bridging the implementation gap between knowledge and action for health","volume":"82","author":"Haines","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2025121512374472000_7.9.e015471.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14546-1"},{"key":"2025121512374472000_7.9.e015471.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7313.625"},{"key":"2025121512374472000_7.9.e015471.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1655"},{"key":"2025121512374472000_7.9.e015471.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-8-35"},{"key":"2025121512374472000_7.9.e015471.8","first-page":"CD005470","article-title":"Tailored interventions to address determinants of practice","volume":"4","author":"Baker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025121512374472000_7.9.e015471.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-008-9261-0","article-title":"Facilitators for practice change in Spanish community pharmacy","volume":"31","author":"Gastelurrutia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharm World Sci"},{"key":"2025121512374472000_7.9.e015471.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2015.08.003","article-title":"Model for the evaluation of implementation programs and professional pharmacy services","volume":"12","author":"Moullin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Social Adm Pharm"},{"key":"2025121512374472000_7.9.e015471.11","first-page":"699","article-title":"A systematic review of evidence-based community pharmacy services aimed at the prevention of cardiovascular disease","volume":"22","author":"Sabater-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"2025121512374472000_7.9.e015471.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2015.02.007"},{"key":"2025121512374472000_7.9.e015471.13","first-page":"151","article-title":"Exploring long term implementation of cognitive services in community pharmacies - 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