{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T02:16:55Z","timestamp":1776910615628,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603152000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardio\u2010ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a new marker of arterial stiffness (AS) that can assess vascular wall stiffness in the aorta, femoral artery and tibial artery. CAVI is less affected by blood pressure at the time of measurement than the gold standard method (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV)). Our group has developed a device called VOPITB (Velocidad Onda de Pulso \u00cdndice Tobillo Brazo) that uses the oscillometric method and easily and accurately measures the PWV in the arms and legs separately, allowing new AS indices to be studied. This article describes the research protocol to determine CAVI using VOPITB and to validate the device against a reference device (VaSera VS-1500) and assess its clinical utility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analyses<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study will be conducted. In all, 120 subjects (a minimum of 40% of subjects from any one gender) will be evaluated. CAVI will be determined from the measurement by VOPITB and VaSera VS-1500. For each subject, the average of the three readings taken with each device will be calculated. The Bland-Altman plot will be used to determine whether any bias exists in the data\u2014that is, a tendency of the size of the difference to vary with the mean. The participants will be divided roughly equally between the following age bands: &lt;30, 30\u201360 and &gt;60 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study has been approved by the ethics committee of the Hospital San Pedro de Alc\u00e1ntara, C\u00e1ceres, Spain. The participants will be required to sign an informed consent form before inclusion in the study, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and WHO standards for observational studies. The dissemination plan of the research study results will be through presentations in relevant national and international conferences and scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT04303546\">NCT04303546<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T17:11:20Z","timestamp":1603213880000},"page":"e038581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) measured by a new device: protocol for a validation study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04303546","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4932-1940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Rico Mart\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College. Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain"},{"name":"Iberian Network on Arterial Structure, Central Hemodynamics and Neurocognition, Caceres, Spain"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Vassilenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iberian Network on Arterial Structure, Central Hemodynamics and Neurocognition, Caceres, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caprica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge M","family":"de Nicol\u00e1s Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iberian Network on Arterial Structure, Central Hemodynamics and Neurocognition, Caceres, Spain"},{"name":"Zona Centro Health Center, Extremadura Health Service, C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}]},{"given":"Purificaci\u00f3n","family":"Rey S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College. Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain"}]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iberian Network on Arterial Structure, Central Hemodynamics and Neurocognition, Caceres, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caprica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Mart\u00ednez Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Juli\u00e1n F","family":"Calder\u00f3n Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College. Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain"},{"name":"Iberian Network on Arterial Structure, Central Hemodynamics and Neurocognition, Caceres, Spain"}]},{"given":"Juan F","family":"S\u00e1nchez Mu\u00f1oz-Torrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iberian Network on Arterial Structure, Central Hemodynamics and Neurocognition, Caceres, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, Caceres, Spain"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121401314156000_10.10.e038581.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.10.061"},{"key":"2025121401314156000_10.10.e038581.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.116.004979","article-title":"Microvascular function contributes to the relation between aortic stiffness and cardiovascular events: the Framingham heart study","volume":"9","author":"Cooper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2025121401314156000_10.10.e038581.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2012.jama.10503"},{"key":"2025121401314156000_10.10.e038581.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl254"},{"key":"2025121401314156000_10.10.e038581.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32834fa8b0"},{"key":"2025121401314156000_10.10.e038581.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm470"},{"key":"2025121401314156000_10.10.e038581.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2010.00471.x"},{"key":"2025121401314156000_10.10.e038581.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000314664"},{"key":"2025121401314156000_10.10.e038581.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.13.101"},{"key":"2025121401314156000_10.10.e038581.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.25.359"},{"key":"2025121401314156000_10.10.e038581.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/21.9.678"},{"key":"2025121401314156000_10.10.e038581.12","unstructured":"Bramwell JC , Hill A . 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