{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T07:40:12Z","timestamp":1767166812828,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604102400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023278","name":"Darwin Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["26002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Sussex Sustainability Research Programme","award":["SSRP2016-023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SSRP2016-023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our project follows community requests for health service incorporation into conservation collaborations in the rainforests of Papua New Guinea (PNG). This protocol is for health needs assessments, our first step in coplanning medical provision in communities with no existing health data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study includes clinical assessments and rapid anthropological assessment procedures (RAP) exploring the health needs and perspectives of partner communities in two areas, conducted over 6\u2009weeks fieldwork. First, in Wanang village (population c.200), which is set in lowland rainforest. Second, in six communities (population c.3000) along an altitudinal transect up the highest mountain in PNG, Mount Wilhelm. Individual primary care assessments incorporate physical examinations and questioning (providing qualitative and quantitative data) while RAP includes focus groups, interviews and field observations (providing qualitative data). Given absence of in-community primary care, treatments are offered alongside research activity but will not form part of the study. Data are collected by a research fellow, primary care clinician and two PNG research technicians. After quantitative and qualitative analyses, we will report: ethnoclassifications of disease, causes, symptoms and perceived appropriate treatment; community rankings of disease importance and service needs; attitudes regarding health service provision; disease burdens and associations with altitudinal-related variables and cultural practices. To aid wider use study tools are in online supplemental file, and paper and ODK versions are available free from the corresponding author.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Challenges include supporting informed consent in communities with low literacy and diverse cultures, moral duties to provide treatment alongside research in medically underserved areas while minimising risks of therapeutic misconception and inappropriate inducement, and PNG research capacity building. Brighton and Sussex Medical School (UK), PNG Institute of Medical Research and PNG Medical Research Advisory Committee have approved the study. Dissemination will be via journals, village meetings and plain language summaries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T19:05:38Z","timestamp":1604171138000},"page":"e041784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Health service needs and perspectives of remote forest communities in Papua New Guinea: study protocol for combined clinical and rapid anthropological assessments with parallel treatment of urgent cases"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5951-6608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo","family":"Middleton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care and Public Health, and NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Neglected Tropical Diseases, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK"},{"name":"Evolution, behaviour and environment, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Yazid","family":"Abdad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka\/Madang, Papua New Guinea"},{"name":"Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Beauchamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Colthart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK"},{"name":"Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, North Queensland, Australia"}]},{"given":"Maxwell J F","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Dem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Nagada, Papua New Guinea"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Fairhead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anthropology, School of Global Studies, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK"}]},{"given":"Caroline L","family":"Grundy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sussex Sustainability Research Programme, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK"}]},{"given":"Michael G","family":"Head","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Global Health Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}]},{"given":"Joao","family":"Inacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK"},{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine, New University of Lisbon Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mavis","family":"Jimbudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Nagada, Papua New Guinea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7065-1157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher Iain","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Statistics, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Konecna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Laman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka\/Madang, Papua New Guinea"}]},{"given":"Hayley","family":"MacGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Development Studies, Falmer, UK"}]},{"given":"Vojtech","family":"Novotny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Ecology, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Peck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolution, behaviour and environment, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Paliau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Nagada, Papua New Guinea"}]},{"given":"Jonah","family":"Philip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Nagada, Papua New Guinea"}]},{"given":"Willie","family":"Pomat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka\/Madang, Papua New Guinea"}]},{"given":"Chrissy H","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Nagada, Papua New Guinea"}]},{"given":"Alan J","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolution, behaviour and environment, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2034-8376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen L","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK"},{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases and Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0777-0385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jackie A","family":"Cassell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care and Public Health, and NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Neglected Tropical Diseases, Brighton 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